Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Ingredient Origin
- Cosmetic Ingredients Functions
- Technologies
- Product Families
Features & Benefits
- Benefit Claims
Applications & Uses
- Markets
- Applications
- Application Format
- Hair Care Applications
- Wipes, Tissue & Towel Applications
- Use Level
- 0.1-0.68%
- Application pH Range
- 2–6.5
- Applications
- Baby care
- Baby wipes
- Body butter
- Body wash
- Conditioner
- Cream
- Deo/ Anti-perspirant
- Eye creams/gels
- Eye shadow
- Face lotion
- Face wipes
- Facial cream
- Foundation
- Hair gel
- Hand soap
- Lipstick
- Lotion
- Make up remover
- Mascara
- Oil in Water
- Oral care
- Powder
- Shampoo
- Suncare
- Toner
- Water in Oil
- Formulation Recommendations
- Salt variant (111S) is water soluble
- Maximum Dehydroacetic acid solubility is 0.1% in water
- Maximum Sodium Dehydroacetate solubility is 33% in water
- Use between pH 2–6.5
- Added at both room and elevated temperatures
- Added any time during manufacturing process
- May require a bactericide booster
- A slight yellowing effect can sometimes be seen by the addition of dehydroacetic acid or its salts
- Can be limited by the addition of reducing agents / antioxidants, in particular, BHT or sodium metabisulfite or tocopherol (not tocopheryl acetate)
- Anionics (carbomers and certain surfactants) and high temps cause discoloration
- Only the acid form has preservative efficacy; the salt is inactive
- Add the sodium dehydroacetate and reduce the pH to liberate acid
- Compatible in all types of formulations: anionics, nonionics and cationics
Properties
- Odor
- Odorless
- Soluble in
- Water
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
- Chemical Inventories
- Global Regulatory
Europe
- Max use level for DHA is 0.6% DHA – rinse-off & leave-on
Japan
- Max use level for DHA is 0.5% DHA – rinse-off & leave-on
US
- All ingredients allowed (CIR/PCPC)
- Refer to present practices of use and concentration
Technical Details & Test Data
- Efficacy
Studies were run using different concentrations of Geogard® 111 in an anionic shampoo to see efficacy against various bacteria, yeast and fungi. All samples were inoculated at the beginning of the study, sampled at 24 hours, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days.
- Challenge Testing of Geogard® 111S Compared to Parabens in Anionic Shampoo Against Mixed Bacteria
Preservatives % Use Level Day 0 cfu/g. Day 7 cfu/g. Day 14 cfu/g. Day 28 cfu/g. Geogard® 111S 0.35% 2x10^6 < 10 < 10 < 10 Methyl Paraben 0.60% 2x10^6 7.1x10^6 2.8 8x10^7 2.1x10^7 Methyl: Propyl Paraben 2:1 ratio 0.60% 2x10^6 1.3x10^6 1.2x10^7 2.2x10^7 - Challenge Testing of Geogard® 111S Compared to Parabens in Anionic ShampooAgainst Mixed Fungi
Preservatives %,Use Level Day 0 cfu/g. Day 7 cfu/g. Day 14 cfu/g. Day 28 cfu/g. Geogard® 111S 0.35% 1.3x10^5 <10 <10 <10 Methyl Paraben 0.60% 2x10^5 1.1x10^4 5.0x10^3 2.1x10^3 Methyl: Propyl Paraben 2:1 ratio 0.60% 2x10^5 7.1x10^3 4.2x10^3 2.2x10^3 - Compatibility and Solubility of Geogard® 111 vs. Parabens
Preservative Solubility Compatibility Typical % Use Level Water Propylene Anionics Nonionics Cationics Geogard® 111A 0.10% 1.7% Yes Yes Yes 0.35% Geogard®111S 20% 12% Yes Yes Yes 0.35% Parabens <0.25% 22% Some No Yes >0.60% - Additional Information
Preservatives pK Value pH Range - - 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 Dehydroacetic Acid 5.27 100% 98 95 86 65 37 15.9 5.6 1.9 Sorbic Acid 4.76 98 95 85 65 37 15 5.5 1.8 0.6 Formic Acid 3.75 85 64 36 15 5 1.8 0.6 0.2 0.06 Since Geogard® 111 preservatives are based on dehydroacetic acid with a pKa of 5.27, there is more activity across a wider pH range compared to other acids like sorbic acid at 4.76.
The efficacy of Geogard® 111 preservatives is pH dependent, offering greater efficacy at lower pH.
Packaging & Availability
- Country Availability
- Regional Availability