Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Chemical Family
- Chemical Name
- CASE Ingredients Functions
- Fluids & Lubricants Functions
- Plastics & Elastomers Functions
- CAS No.
- 12036-37-2
- EC No.
- 601-699-0
- Product Families
- Chemical Formula
ZnSnO₃
Features & Benefits
- Labeling Claims
- CASE Ingredients Features
- Materials Features
- Flamtard Overview
- Flamtard flame retardant synergists act on flame and smoke, simultaneously, in combination with 2 halogen source in many important polymer systems. Health, safety and our environment are important factors in today's world and Flamtard products have no adverse effects in these areas.
- Flamtard S is an anhydrous product, has good thermal stability to temperatures greater than 400 °C and is recommended for polyamide systems.
- Structurally Flamtard S contains tin and zinc; both of which have specific functions that enables Flamtard S to act by two mechanisms, or in two phases. For example, during the early stages of the combustion, tin is released into the gas phase where it combines with halogen radicals that are released from the decomposition of a halogenated co-flame retardant. This inhibits flame formation. The zinc component acts in the “condensed phase”, where it catalyzes the conversion of the decomposing polymer into a carbonaceous char, rather than smoke.
- The gas phase activity is analogous to the way in which Antimony Trioxide functions and Flamtard S is recommended as the synergist in polyamide systems that are specified to contain materials that are classified as non hazardous.
- Flamtard Benefits
- Polymer compound designers can confidently use Flamtard S in high-performance applications that have stringent specifications for combating flame and smoke. Flamtard products have no adverse characteristics relating to health, or the environment; which highlights their potential in applications that demand regulatory compliance [e.g. WEE, ROHS & REACH).
- Flamtard synergists are highly active at low concentrations in the presence of a halogen source like polymeric brominated flame retardants.
- Flamtard products have been fully evaluated according to international standards and are registered (e.g. REACH & TSCA) for world-wide use.
- Flamtard products are compatible in polymer systems and have no adverse effects on mechanical properties.
- Challenges
- The miniaturization of electronic components and electrical devices presents an innovation challenge because higher levels of performance are required for moldings of increasingly thinner sections. For example, improving flame and smoke inhibition in complex components by incorporation of additives and reinforcing agents is counter intuitive to improving the flaw properties of the polymer compound, which is required to fill intricate molds. Regulatory demands create an additional level of complexity, because the additives employed to overcome the technical and practical challenges must do so without causing harm to health or to the environment. Challenges such as these create opportunities for highly active multi-functional polymer additives that have no harmful classifications like Flamtard.
- Formulations and Experimental
- The composition of a flame retardant material is a compromise between the performance standard that is required [e.g. V-0, by UL-94] and the physical and mechanical properties defined by the application. A two stage experimental program was employed to investigate interactions between Flamtard S and three brominated polymeric flame retardants [Brominated Polystyrene (ICL grade FR 803P], Brominated Polyacrylate (ICL grade FR 1025) & Brominated Epoxy (ICL grade FR 2400)) in order to define the ideal combination. Polymeric, brominated flame retardants were selected because they possess no hazard classifications due to their high molecular weight. Flamtard S [3.45%] was found to operate most effectively with Brominated Polyacrylate [19.05%] and this combination has been evaluated against FR 1025 alone and in combination with an alternative synergist (Antimony Trioxide, in recommended proportions).
- Benefits of Flamtard S
Flamtard S is presented as a valuable synergist for use with brominated polymeric flame retardants in engineering polyamide materials that must meet the three-tier challenges presented by electrical and electronic applications, for example:
- Flamtard S has high activity at low dose for retarding flame and suppressing smoke.
- Glass-filled PA 64 compounds have better mechanical properties when Flamtard S is used as a synergist.
- Flamtard S has no adverse health or environmental characteristics, making it an ideal component for inclusion in systems designed to meet regulatory directives like RoHS and WEE.
- Market Segment
- Polyamide 66 is has saveral properties that make it the material of choice for engineering applications; for example good mechanical and electrical properties at elevated temperatures, chemical resistance and wear & friction behavior. Applications in the electrical and electronics sector have non-flammability as a critical performance parameter; which must be achieved without adversely affecting key properties like tensile strength, elongation and impact strength. The compatibility of polymer additives becomes even more important in reinforced systems, where the interactions can have significant effects on molding properties as well as compound strength.
Applications & Uses
- Applications
- Compatible Polymers & Resins
- Coating Type
- Plastics & Elastomers End Uses
- Applications
William Blythe’s Flamtard S (zinc stannate) is ideal for use in applications such as:
Coating Additives
- Smoke suppressant and flame retardant synergist for flame retardant paints.
- Transparent conductive oxide used in the manufacture of films for solar cells, touch screens, and energy efficient glass.
Polymer Additives
- Smoke suppressant and flame retardant synergist with co-flame retardants. For polymer processing at temperatures above 220 °C.
- Co-additive in phosphate flame retardant containing polymer formulations to optimize char formation.
Process Chemicals
- Solid lubricant additive in friction materials.
Properties
- Typical Properties
- Product Forms
- William Blythe’s Flamtard S (zinc stannate) is available as a powder in both standard and free-flowing grades.
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Molecular Weight | 232.15 | - | - |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
- Chemical Inventories
Technical Details & Test Data
- Flame Retarded, Glass-Filed PA-66 Compound Design and Manufacture
Table 1
RUN No 1 2 3 4 Polyamide 66(1) 69.4 46.9 46.9 48.7 Glass Fiber (2) 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 Stabilizer Package (3) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Br-Palymer (4) 0 22.5 19.05 14.3 Flamtard S 0 0 3.45 0 Antimony Trioxide (5) 0 0 0 6.3 1 = Durethan A30 S (Lanxess]
2 = CS 7928 [f= 4.5 mm (Lanxess]
3 = Irganox 1098 [BASF] + Irgafos 148 [BASF] + Caesit AV/PA [Baerlocher]4 = Brominated Polyacrylate FR-1025 [ICL-IP]
5 = Antimony Trioxide Masterbatch [Campine]
Test Specifications
Extruder Configuration Leistritz MIC 27 GL / 44 D, twin screw extruder Extruder Set-Up Temperature = 270°C; Screw Speed = 300 rpm Test Specimen Molding Klécker Ferromatik Desma FX-2F with a cycle- time of 40 - 45 s, 120 bar mold pressure and 255 °C injection temperature Test Specimen Dimensions As defined by test method [UL-94, Limiting Oxygen Index, Cone Calorimettry] - Fire Science Results for Flame Retarded, Glass-Filled PA-66 Compounds
Table 2
RUN No 1 2 3 4 FR 1025 (Br-polyacrylate) 0 22.5 19.05 14.3 Flamtard S 0 0 3.45 0 Antimony Trioxide 0 0 0 6.3 UL-94 (1.6 mm) N.C V-0 V-0 V-0 UL-94 (0.8 mm) N.C V-2 V-0 V-0 L.0.I [% Oxygen] 23 33 34 36 Peak Heat Release Rate (Kw/m2) 556 210 187 238 Total Heat Release (units) 86.8 43.6 46.9 45.8 Total Smoke Release 1070 2785 1848 4239 A different approach is adopted by each method for determining the flame retardant performance. This generates a robust data-set to define the fire science in terms of the key cornponents of the classic combustion triangle, for example in terms of oxygen (L.O.I), energy output (Cone Calorimetry], and the ability of the ignited compound to self-extinguish (UL-94].
- Mechanical Properties and Fire Science
An engineering polymer component must operate at a high level of performance during its lifetime, therefore the mechanical properties are critical. The most valuable flame retardant system is that which has a neutral, or beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of engineering polyamide materials.
Table 3: Mechanical Properties of Flame Retarded, Glass-Filled PA-66
RUN No 1 2 3 4 FR 1025 (Br-polyacrylate) 0 22.5 19.05 14.3 Flamtard S 0 0 3.45 0 Antimony Trioxide 0 0 0 6.3 Tensile Strength (Mpa) 173.1 134.2 169.6 135.8 Youngs Modulus (Mpa) 9809 11606 12039 11098 Elongation at Break (%) 3.28 1.69 1.92 1.79 (Run 1) = The decrease in tensile strength caused by the incorporation of FR 1025
(Run 2) = is largely restored with Flamtard S
(Run 3) = and this is accompanied by similar improvements in Young's Modulus and Elongation properties. It is proposed that Flamtard S has a neutral / beneficial effect on mechanical properties compared with the classical system
(Run 4) = and that Flamtard S can be considered as a valuable component in engineering polyamide compositions.