Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Carrier
- Cosmetic Ingredients Functions
- CAS No.
- 8008-31-9
- Technologies
Features & Benefits
- Benefit Claims
- Forming of Functional Stratum Corneum
Applications & Uses
- Markets
- Applications
- Application Format
- Skin Care Applications
Properties
- Physical Form
- Appearance
- Light yellow to yellowish brown liquid
- Odor
- characteristic odor
- Specifications
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Arsenic Content | max. 2 | ppm | - |
| Heavy Metals Content | max. 20 | ppm | - |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
Technical Details & Test Data
- Clarity and shine from within
The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, lets light pass through which determines the brightness of the skin. The stratum corneum is made of corneocytes. When the surface of corneocytes is rough, the skin looks dull as if it is covered with frosted glass. MandarinClear smoothes the skin’s surface by making each epidermal cell firmer. It also makes the skin look clear as though it radiates from within by increasing the amount of internally reflected light from the lower layer of skin (light recognized as skin tone).
- Clarity and shine from within
The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, lets light pass through which determines the brightness of the skin. The stratum corneum is made of corneocytes. When the surface of corneocytes is rough, the skin looks dull if it is covered with frosted glass. MandarinClear smoothes the skin’s surface by making each epidermal cell firmer. It also makes the skin look clear as though it radiates from within by increasing the amount of internally reflected light from the lower layer of skin (light recognized as skin tone).
The test lotion containing 1% of MandarinClear was applied on test subjects' cheeks twice a day for 4 weeks, stratum corneum was sampled from their skin, and it was photographed by the dark-field illumination method. Application of MandarinClear reduced scattering lights and improved light transparency. The reduction of scattering lights was confirmed by image analysis as well. Therefore, MandarinClear may have an activity to improve skin's clarity.
- Promotes the formation of smooth and uniform stratum corneum
Influence of MandarinClear on the formation of the epidermis was examined by immunostaining using anti-keratin antibody and anti-desmoplakin* antibody. MandarinClear helped the formation of a flat, firm sheet structure of normal human epidermal keratinocytes. * Desmoplakin is a protein that bonds to keratin and is involved with intercellular adhesion. Cells adhering with adjacent cells via desmoplakin make the epidermis firm.
- Improvement of human skin’s brightness
- Enhancing two Barriers
- Promotion of caspase-14 production
- Promotion of TJ formation
Nucleus staining and immunostaining were performed in human epidermal keratinocytes to which 0.3% MandarinClear were applied in order to observe TJ formation <2nd barrier>.MandarinClear is expected to promote the localized existence of TJ between cells and improve skin's barrier function.
- Improvement of human skin barrier function
1% of MandarinClear compounding lotion was applied on test subjects' cheeks for 4 weeks. Then, the Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) was measured by a Tewameter.
- Effects on improving skin condition (questionnaire results)
A lotion containing 1% MandarinClear was applied on the cheeks of test subjects for four weeks and a questionnaire was given after the application period. Over 50% of the test subjects said they felt the positive effects of MandarinClear on the application areas.
The result suggests that MandarinClear provide effective feeling.