Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Carrier
- Chemical Family
- Chemical Name
- Industrial Additives Functions
- Technologies
Features & Benefits
- Industrial Additives Features
- Benefits
Long-lasting
- Provides both a fast and slow-release carbon source and nutrients.
Inherent Buffering Agent- Contains calcium carbonate which serves as a natural buffering agent for low pH applications.
- Benefits of Chitorem®
- Provides both fast (more soluble fraction) and slow releasing carbon source.
- Provides both carbon and nutrients.
- Niche application for acid mine drainage and low alkalinity halogenated solvent remediation; contains an inherent buffering agent to maintain moderate pH.
Applications & Uses
- Applicable Processes
- Uses
Contaminants Treated
- Halogenated aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as PCE
- Oxidizers such as perchlorate
- Explosive and ordnance compounds such as RDX
- Reduction of metals, such as arsenic, chromium, uranium, and manganese.
Treatment Configurations- Open excavation backfill
- Source treatment
- Permeable reactive barriers
- Bioreactor treatment
- Constructed wetlands
Delivery Methods- Direct push methods
- Hydraulic fracturing
Properties
- Soluble in
- Water
- Typical Properties
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Chitin | 10 - 30 | % wt/wt | - |
| Protein | 5 - 50 | % wt/wt | - |
| Minerals | 20 - 60 | % wt/wt | - |
| Water Content | 10 - 20 | % wt/wt | - |
| pH | 6 - 8 | - | - |
Technical Details & Test Data
- Dechlorination in Open Excavations
Former Dry Cleaning Site: Jacksonville, FL
Following excavation of the source area, CHITOREM® was applied to the excavated area. Dechlorination of residual PCE and its daughter products to below MCLs was seen in less than two years.
- Dechlorination in Low pH Aquifers
Electroplating Facility: Ormond Beach, FL
CHITOREM® has been used successfully at sites with low pH aquifers. At a site with pH in the range from 4-5.5, dechlorination of residual PCE and its daughter products to below MCLs was seen in less than two years.
- Acid Mine Drainage Applications
National Tunnel Superfund Site: Black Hawk, CO
CHITOREM® has been used successfully as a carbon substrate in biochemical reactors:
- Shown to remove metals including Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn to below treatment objective levels.
- Increased pH from 4.55 to 6.98.
- Increased alkalinity from 0 to 2,000 mg/L (as CaCO3).
Packaging & Availability
- Packaging Type
- Packaging Information
- Boxes : 50lbs
- Supersacks : 1,000 - 1,600 lbs
Storage & Handling
- Shelf Life
- 2 Years (Unopened), 1 Year (Kept in Dry)
- Storage and Shelf Life
- Store unopened under dry conditions at temperatures between 35°F and 85°F.
- The shelf life of the unopened products is 2 years
- If kept dry, opened product can be stored for 1 year
- Equipment decontamination should follow site-specific requirements. In most situations, any product residual should be flushed into the aquifer and then chased with clean water.