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FRACSAL EM2 is formulated as three separate products, Fracsal EM1, Fracsal EM2, and Fracsal EM3, each product with a different crosslink time. The Fracsal EM series consists of a specially sized, sparingly-soluble borate crosslinking agent and an alkaline salt modifier suspended in a carrier fluid with an extremely low aromatic content. Typical usage concentrations for all Fracsal EM products is from 1 to 3 gal per 1,000 gal of fracturing fluid with crosslink times ranging from 2 minutes to 11.5 minutes depending upon the pH, temperature, and type of polymer-based fracturing fluid system. Fracsal EM packaging can be customized to meet specific requirements.

Functions: Crosslinking Agent

Chemical Family: Borates, Boron-based Compounds

End Uses: Fracturing Fluids

Features: Water Soluble

Technical Data Sheet
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Knowde Enhanced TDS

Identification & Functionality

Industrial Additives Functions

Features & Benefits

Industrial Additives Features

Applications & Uses

Markets
Industrial Additives End Use

Properties

Color
Physical Form
Appearance
Tan Liquid
Soluble in
Water
Environmental Properties
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Biological Oxygen Demandmax. 2.0mg/L-
BTEX (S.W. 8260)Below detection limit of 1 ppb--
Chemical Oxygen Demand50.5mg/L-
LC50, 96-hour1000000.0ppm-
Physical Properties
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Pour Point3.0°CASTM D97
Specific Gravity1.27 - 1.30g/mL-

Technical Details & Test Data

D50 - Microtox Testing
Test EC 20 EC 50 PASS/FAIL
MTX- Threshold 5.6 L/m3 (3.0 - 10) 30 L/m3 (20 - 44) not applicable
MTX - Confirmation @191L/m3 19% (<11 - 47) 91% (27 - >91) PASS

Crosslink Times At Various pH Values

FRACSAL EM2 - Crosslink Times At Various Ph Values

Product pH Value
7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5
Fracsal EM1 11:34 6:36 4:51 6:54 11:16
Fracsal EM2 9:27 6:06 3:24 4:28 6:58
Fracsal EM3 4:05 2:57 2:09 2:57 5:06

 

Crosslink Time Test Parameters

Guar Base: 2% KCI
Polymer Concentration: 40 lb/1,000 gal
pH, adjusted with NaOH: 7.5-11.5
Viscosity, 300 rpm: 38-42 CP
Crosslinking Additive Concentration: 1.2 gal/1,000 gal
Temperature: 25°C (77°F)
Viscosity Versus Time

FRACSAL EM2 - Viscosity Versus Time

Viscosity Versus Time Test Parameters

Guar Base: Water
Clay Stabilizer: 1 gal/1,000 gal
pH, adjusted with KOH: 11.7
Viscosity, 300 rpm: 10-25 CP
Fracsal EM3 3 gal/1,000 gal
Temperature: 93.3°C (200°F)
Pressure: 400 psi