Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Chemical Family
- Reinforcement Material
- Composite Materials Functions
- Technologies
- Product Families
Features & Benefits
- Materials Features
- Features
- Twaron® filament yarn comes in a variety of forms, and in dope-dyed black and yellow, depending on manufacturers’ requirements.
- Twaron® filament yarn is very versatile and adjustable. It is available in standard modulus filament yarn (twisted or untwisted) with 250-10,000 filaments, high-modulus filament yarn with 250-15,000 filaments, and high-tenacity filament yarn with 500-2,000 filaments
- High strength: excellent strength-to-weight ratio
- High modulus
- High dimensional stability: very low creep, small negative thermal expansion coefficient
- Excellent thermal stability: usable across a wide temperature range, no melting point, high heat stability, low heat conductivity
- High cut resistance
- Good chemical resistance
- Low flammability
- Electrically non-conductive
- Long, well-defined lifetime
Applications & Uses
- Markets
- Applications
- Composites End Use
- Applications
- Twaron® filament yarn can be used in a very wide range of applications, including ballistic-protection products, composites, cut-protection products, elastomer reinforcements, heat-protection products, optical fiber cables, reinforced thermoplastic pipes, ropes and cables, and tires.
- Excellent strength-to-weight properties
- Resistant to heat, flames and chemicals
- High dimensional stability
- Adjustable to different applications
- Available in different colors
- Applications
Specifically, black Twaron® is used in applications such as composite fabrics, boat sails and protective clothing. The black color is created by dope-dying, resulting in good color fastness.
Properties
- Physical Form
- Typical Properties
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Elongation at Break | 2 - 3 | % | — |
| Elongation at Break | 23-42 | — | — |
| Modulus | 100 - 140 | GPa | — |
| Modulus | 60-145 | GPa | — |
| Tenacity | 2100 - 2300 | mN/tex | — |
| Tenacity | 1.9-25 | N/tex | — |
| Density | 1.44-145 | g/cm | — |
| Tensile Strength | 27-3.6 | GP | — |
| Moisture Content | 2 - 7 | % | — |
| Decomposition or Melting Temperature | 500.0 | °C | — |
| Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) | 29-40 | % | — |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
Technical Details & Test Data
- A Unique Combination of Properties
Mechanical properties: Twaron® yarns have high strength, offering a tensile strength that is two to three times higher than polyester and polyamide yarns, and up to seven times higher than steel on a weight for weight basis. The table illustrates the main mechanical properties in comparison with a selection of other high-performance materials as reported under standard conditions. Twaron® retains its core mechanical properties across a wide temperature range. These properties are available for reinforcement purposes for a well-defined lifetime of Twaron® yarn. This lifetime is determined by the specific combination of load and temperature. In general, the higher the load and/or the operating temperature, the shorter the lifetime of Twaron® yarn. Using accepted safety factors in the applications, Twaron® enables a long economic life for the end product. However, long-term exposure to UV light should be avoided, since this will result in discoloration and negatively influence the mechanical properties of the yarn.
Dimensional stability: The dimensional stability of reinforcing material is often a key factor in many applications. The high modulus of Twaron® ensures that the end product shows minimal deformation under a wide range of loading conditions. What’s more, the end product retains its required dimensions over a long period of time due to the very low and quickly diminishing creep behavior of Twaron®. In addition, Twaron® has a low, negative thermal expansion coefficient of a few ppm/°C, which contributes to the material’s high dimensional stability. Finally, Twaron® does not shrink when exposed to hot air.
Thermal properties: Twaron® has no melting point and will only start to decompose at temperatures of 500 °C (932 °F) and above. For heat-resistant applications, the recommended ambient temperature should not exceed 250 °C (482 °F) in order to ensure fit-for-use strength retention. Twaron® also largely maintains its mechanical properties at very low temperatures of -200 °C (-328 °F) or below. This makes Twaron® usable in applications across a very wide temperature range. Furthermore, the thermal isolation behavior of Twaron® products is excellent due to the very low heat conductivity of the yarn. In addition, Twaron® has a high limiting oxygen index (LOI). This means that it ceases to burn as soon as it is removed from the flame, limiting the spread of fire when Twaron® reinforcement is in use.
Chemical resistance: The high crystallinity and strong intermolecular interactions of Twaron® prevent chemicals from penetrating the polymer structure. Resistance to organic chemicals is good to excellent, while resistance to inorganic chemicals varies according to the pH value. Highly acidic or alkaline chemicals may cause hydrolytic degradation. Concentrated solutions of strong acids and strong bases will result in hydrolytic degradation.
- Technical Details
Twaron® resistance to chemical attack, exposure time: three months in water at room temperature.
Residual strength (%)
N.B. As the data in the figure above originate from a variety of sources, they may be subject to deviations resulting from different test methods and/or conditions.
Stress/strain curve of various materials
Packaging & Availability
- Availability
Twaron® filament yarn is available in the regular yellow color of para-aramid material. Additionally, certain Twaron® filament yarn types are available in black. Black Twaron® is used in applications where special requirements exist regarding the appearance of the yarns.