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Chlorophylls are a group of naturally occurring pigments produced in all photosynthetic plants including algae and some bacteria. Chlorophyll is mainly extracted from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), nettles (Urtica dioica) or grasses. When used as food coloring Chlorophyll is processed to replace a magnesium atom at its center with a copper atom, which makes it more stable and also able to dissolve in water.

Safflower (Carthamus) is one of humanity’s oldest crops with its use in China reported over 2,200 years ago. Safflower belongs to the Compositae or Asteraceae family, which is a branching, thistlelike herbaceous plant with spines on its leaves and bracts. Safflower is a common substitute for saffron due to its more favorable price. Safflower is therefore widely known as false saffron.