Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Ingredient Name
- Vitamin Type
- Food Ingredients Functions
- Pharma & Nutraceuticals Functions
- Ingredients
- Nicotinic Acid
Features & Benefits
- Food Ingredients Features
- Product Benefits
- Nicotinic acid (also known as niacin) and nicotinamide (also known as niacinamide) were discovered in the 1930’s to be the factors that cured pellagra.3 Niacin is known to cause severe flushing.4 In 2004, nicotinamide riboside emerged as a newly discovered NAD+ precursor5 and does not bind to the receptor responsible for flushing.
- NR has pre-clinically demonstrated that it is superior to both niacin and nicotinamide, both of which are standard forms of vitamin B3 commonly used in vitamin supplements and foods.2 NR is not reliant upon a conversion step requiring the enzyme “NAMPT”7, 8 (see Figure below). The activity level of NAMPT determines the amount of nicotinamide that is converted into NAD+9, which is why this particular step in the process is often referred to as the “rate limiting step”.10 As normal aging occurs, the activity of NAMPT is thought to decrease.11-15 NR can be used by the cell to makeNAD+ without this enzymatic step.
Applications & Uses
- Applications
- Dosage Form
- Food & Nutrition Applications
- Why is NR Important?
- NR is important because it is a potent and bioavailable pre-cursor to NAD+.2, 5, 16-18 NAD+ is essential to life and is known to be vital to functions that ensure proper cellular and energy metabolism.19 The most well-known function of NAD+ is the transferring of electrons to the machinery in the cell that produces ATP, the energy currency of all cells.20, 21.
- NAD+ is increasingly being shown to have important functions beyond electron transfer. One of the most promising potential roles for NR as a pre-cursor to NAD+ is activation of sirtuins, enzymes associated with a wide variety of functions related to metabolism and longevity.8, 22-24.
Sirtuins – The “Anti-Aging Proteins”
- The sirtuins are proteins that have been shown to perform vital longevity functions in mice and in cellular models.8, 22-24
- Increasingly, there is support for the hypothesis that decreased cellular NAD+ results in a decline in sirtuins activity.12, 25
- A pre-clinical study published in 2016 in the journal Nature Communications demonstrated that NR is a more potent activator of sirtuin acitvity than nicotinamide and surpasses nicotinic acid at increasing NAD+.2
- Applications
Potential NIAGEN® Applications:
NIAGEN® can be used in capsules, tablets, melts or in powder form as a dietary supplement. It can also be included in functional foods and beverages in the following categories: vitamin waters, protein shakes, nutrition bars, gum, chews, and powdered beverages.
Properties
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
- Claims and Regulatory Status of NIAGEN®
Claims Supported by Science:
- Clinically demonstrated to significantly increase NAD+*
- Promotes mitochondria health*
- Promotes healthy cellular metabolism*
- Promotes healthy aging*
Regulatory Status of NIAGEN®:
- NIAGEN has two successful New Dietary Ingredient Notifications with the FDA (NDIN 882, 1062) for daily recommended intake of not more than 300 mg/d.
- NIAGEN® is generally recognized as safe (FDA GRAS Notice No. 635) for use in vitamin waters, protein shakes, nutrition bars, gum, chews, and powdered beverages. Maximum use level 0.0057% by weight.