Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Additives Included
- Chemical Family
- Fillers Included
- Polymer Name
- Plastics & Elastomers Functions
- Technologies
- Product Families
Features & Benefits
- Labeling Claims
- Materials Features
- Product Highlights
- Akulon® is our family of high performance polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 materials, used by customers across the world in applications ranging from automotive, electronics & electrical, to furniture and packaging.
- Akulon® grades for injection molding, blow molding and extrusion (including barrier film, stock shapes, convoluted tubes, and mono and multi filament).
- In molded parts the material offers an excellent balance of easy design and processing with outstanding mechanical properties over a wide temperature range and in diverse conditions. Meanwhile for extrusion the strength, resilience and easy processing of Akulon® sets the market standards.
- Special Features
- Laser markable
- Phosphorous free
- 25% Glass Reinforced
- Flame Retardant (halogen- phosphorous-free)
Applications & Uses
- Markets
- Plastics & Elastomers End Uses
- Plastics & Elastomers Processing Methods
- Potential Applications
Envalior's polyamide-based UD tapes with endless carbon or glass fiber reinforcements are viable, lightweight alternatives to metals in several applications. UD tapes, tape-based 2D fabrics and crossplies are used in structural and semi-structural applications, as well as in the selective reinforcement of injection molded parts.
A demonstration vehicle door panel made by JLR from carbon fiber-reinforced PA410, as well as fabric sheets woven from the same UD tape (EU-sponsored ENLIGHT project). The UD tape products were thermo-formed and glued to make the panel, which is 60% lighter than state- of-the-art, steel-based designs, while still fulfilling safety requirements. The full composite door consists of structural panels and a tape-wound side impact beam over an extruded, permanent mandrel.
Maxion Wheels and Envalior successfully manufactured and tested (Rim Rolling Fatigue) thin-walled hybrid, steelcomposite automotive wheel-rim reinforced with UD tape (tape-winding) made from glass fiber-reinforced PA410. The hybrid wheel-rim is 2Kg lighter and 30% more fatigue-resistant than state-ofthe- art, steel design, whilst inert to road salts and battery acids.
A vehicle central-floor module from carbon fiber-reinforced PA410 made by FCA (EU-sponsored ENLIGHT project). The UD tapes based ply-books were thermoformed to the final shape. The composite part is 18% lighter than state-of-the-art, steel-based designs, while still fulfilling safety requirements. The composite strength and dimensional stability are not affected by the E-coating process, a requirement of BIW parts.
Properties
- Mechanical Properties
- Thermal Properties
- Electrical Properties
- Other Properties
- Rheological Properties
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Tensile Modulus | 6000 / 2810 | MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Stress at Break | 85 / 37 | MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Strain at Break | 2.5 / 20.3 | % | ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Charpy Impact Strength (at 23°C) | 35 / - | kJ/m² | ISO 179/1eU |
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Melting Temperature (10°C/min) | 220 / * | °C | ISO 11357-1/-3 |
| Temperature of Deflection Under Load (at 1.80 MPa) | 170 / * | °C | ISO 75-1/-2 |
| Temperature of Deflection Under Load (at 0.45 MPa) | 213 / * | °C | ISO 75-1/-2 |
| Burning Behaviour (at 1.5 mm Nominal Thickness) | V-2 / * | Class | IEC 60695-11-10 |
| Burning Behaviour (at 3.0 mm Nominal Thickness) | V-2 / * | Class | IEC 60695-11-10 |
| Burning Behaviour (at 0.75 mm Nominal Thickness) | V-2 / * | Class | IEC 60695-11-10 |
| Glow Wire Flammability Index GWFI (Thickness (1) tested) | 960 / - | °C | IEC 60695-2-12 |
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Volume Resistivity | 1E13 / 1E11 | Ohm*m | IEC 62631-3-1 |
| Surface Resistivity | - / 1E14 | Ohm | IEC 62631-3-2 |
| Comparative Tracking Index | 475 / - | V | IEC 60112 |
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Water Absorption | 6.6 / * | % | Sim. to ISO 62 |
| Humidity Absorption | 2.2 / * | % | Sim. to ISO 62 |
| Density | 1360 / - | kg/m³ | ISO 1183 |
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Molding Shrinkage (Parallel) | 0.6 / * | % | ISO 294-4 |
| Molding Shrinkage (Normal) | 1 / * | % | ISO 294-4 |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
- Quality Standards
Technical Details & Test Data
- Envalior's Automotive Weight Loss Factory
Extreme light weighting of automobiles is the most efficient technology for reducing emissions and enhancing mileage. The Envalior Weight Loss Factory utilizes unidirectional, continuous fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic tapes as the fundamental building block of such light weight composite materials.
Our strategy extends well beyond just manufacturing the composite tapes. We also develop and specify processes such as Automatic Tape Placement (ATP), tape winding and tape-insert over-molding. and the necessary computer aided engineering (CAE) for part design and manufacturing process specifications. DSM is active in the industry in specifying and standardizing composite material testing and quality specifications.UD tape processes
UD tape manfucaturing process
- Tape winding of parts with rotational symmetry (cylinders, tubes, box-beams etc.).
- Automatic Tape Laying (ATL) (panels, sheets, etc.)
- ATL panels are thermoformed to net shape
- ATL panels are over-molded with structural features (ribs, etc.).
- Hybrid metal-composite construction (composite patches glued to metal).
Technology and support
Design and CAE
- FEM analyzes (static & high-strain)
- Thermoforming and over-molding simulation
- UD tape winding and simulation
- Mold flow analyzes (injection-molding)
In-house macro & micro structural analysis of UD tapes
- Material-modeling and micro-mechanics
- Micro CT scans (void content, fiber-filament orientation, fiber-matrix adhesion, etc.)
- SEM micrography
- Tensile, flexural and impact testing.
Bonding
- Composite to plastic
- Composite to metal (with and without adhesives).
- Stress-strain
Stress-strain (Cond.)
- Chemical Resistance
Chemical Type Chemical Name Resistance Other Acetaldehyde (40% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Acetamide (50% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Acetamide (50% by mass) at >140°C Not resistant Other Acetic acid (10% by mass) at 100°C Not resistant Other Acetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Acetic acid (95% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Acetone at 23°C Resistant Other Acetophenone at 23°C Resistant Other Acetyl chloride at 23°C Not resistant Other Acetylene at 23°C Resistant Other Acrylic acid at 23°C Not resistant Other Aliphatic amines at 23°C Resistant Other Aliphatic hydrocarbons at 23°C Resistant Other Alkylbenzenes at 23°C Resistant Other Allyl alcohol at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Aluminum acetate (saturated) at 23°C Resistant Other Aluminum chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Aluminum hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C Resistant Other Aluminum salts of mineral acids (saturated) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Aluminum trichloride (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Amino acids (saturated) at 23°C Resistant Other Ammonia at 23°C Resistant Other Ammonium chloride (35% by mass) at 100°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Ammonium chloride (35% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Ammonium salts of mineral acids (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Ammonium salts of mineral acids (10% by mass) at 50°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Ammonium thiocyanate (saturated) at 23°C Resistant Other Amyl acetate at 100°C Not resistant Other Amyl acetate at 23°C Resistant Other Amyl alcohol at 23°C Resistant Other Aniline at 23°C Not resistant Other Anodizing liquid (HNO3/H2SO4) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Antimony trichoride (saturated) at 23°C Not resistant Other Aqua Regia (HCl/HNO3) at 23°C Not resistant Other Aromatic hydrocarbons at 23°C Resistant Other Bariumsalts of mineral acids at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Benzaldehyde at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Benzene at 23°C Resistant Other Benzene at 80°C Resistant Other Benzoic acid (20% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Benzoic acid (saturated) at 23°C Not resistant Other Benzyl alcohol at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Beverages at 23°C Resistant Other Bleaching agent (NaOCl) at 23°C Not resistant Other Boric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Boron trifluoride at 23°C Not resistant Other Brake fluids (DOT 3/4) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Bromine water (saturated) at 23°C Not resistant Other Bromochlorodifluoromethane at 23°C Resistant Other Bromotrifluoromethane at 23°C Resistant Other Butadiene at 23°C Resistant Other Butane at 23°C Resistant Other Butanediols at 23°C Resistant Other Butanediols at >140°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Butanols at 23°C Resistant Other Butene glycol at 23°C Resistant Other Butene glycol at >160°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Butene-1 at 23°C Resistant Other Butter at 23°C Resistant Other Butyl acetate at 23°C Resistant Other Butyl acrylate at 23°C Resistant Other Butyl glycolate at 23°C Resistant Other Butyl phthalate at 23°C Resistant Other Butyric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Butyrolactone at 23°C Resistant Other Butyrolactone at >90°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Calcium chloride (10% by mass) at 100°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Calcium chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Calcium chloride (alcoholic) (20% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Calcium chloride (saturated) at 100°C Not resistant Other Calcium chloride (saturated) at 23°C Resistant Other Calcium chloride (saturated) at 60°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Calcium hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C Resistant Other Calcium hypochloride (saturated) at 23°C Not resistant Other Camphor (alcoholic) (50% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Caprolactam (50% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Caprolactam (50% by mass) at >150°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Carbon disulfide at 23°C Resistant Other Carbon disulfide at 60°C Not resistant Other Carbon tetrachloride at 23°C Resistant Other Casein at 23°C Resistant Other Chloral hydrate at 23°C Not resistant Other Chloramines (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Chlorinated biphenyls at 80°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Chlorine water at 23°C Not resistant Other Chloroacetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Chlorobenzene at 23°C Resistant Other Chlorobenzene at 50°C Resistant Other Chlorobromomethane at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Chlorodifluoroethane at 23°C Resistant Other Chlorodifluoromethane at 23°C Resistant Other Chlorofluoroethylene at 23°C Resistant Other Chloroform at 23°C Not resistant Other Chlorosulfonic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Chromic acid (1% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Chromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Chromyl chloride at 23°C Not resistant Other cis-2-butene at 23°C Resistant Other Citric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Citric acid (20% by mass) at 80°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Cobalt salt (20% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Copper sulfate (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Copper(II) salt (10% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Cresols at 23°C Not resistant Other Cycloalcohols (incl their esters) at 23°C Resistant Other Cycloalkanes at 23°C Resistant Other Cycloalkanones at 23°C Resistant Other Cyclohexanol at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Decalin at 23°C Resistant Other Developer (photografic) at 23°C Resistant Other Dibutyl phthalate at 23°C Resistant Other Dibutyl phthalate at 60°C Resistant Other Dichlorobenzene at 23°C Resistant Other Dichloroethane at 23°C Resistant Other Dichloroethylene at 23°C Resistant Other Dichlorofluoromethane at 23°C Resistant Other Dichlorotetrafluoroethane at 23°C Resistant Other Diethyl ether at 23°C Resistant Other Diethylene glycol at 23°C Resistant Other Diethylene glycol at >140°C Not resistant Other Difluoromethane at 23°C Resistant Other Dimethyl acetamide at 23°C Resistant Other Dimethyl acetamide at >150°C Not resistant Other Dimethyl ether at 23°C Resistant Other Dimethylamine at 23°C Resistant Other Dimethylformamide at 23°C Resistant Other Dimethylformamide at 90°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Dimethylsilane at 23°C Resistant Other Dimethylsulfoxide at 125°C Not resistant Other Dimethylsulfoxide at 23°C Resistant Other Dioctyl phtalate at 23°C Resistant Other Dioxan at 23°C Resistant Other Dioxan at 60°C Resistant Other Diphenyl ether at 80°C Resistant Other Dipropyl ether at 23°C Resistant Other Edible fats waxes and oils at 100°C Resistant Other Electroplating bath (acidic) at 23°C Not resistant Other Electroplating bath (alkali) at 23°C Resistant Other Ethane at 23°C Resistant Other Ethanol at 23°C Resistant Other Ethyl Acetate at 23°C Resistant Other Ethyl chloride at 23°C Resistant Other Ethylene at 23°C Resistant Other Ethylene carbonate at 100°C Not resistant Other Ethylene carbonate at 50°C Resistant Other Ethylene chlorohydrin at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Ethylene glycol at 100°C Not resistant Other Ethylene glycol at 23°C Resistant Other Ethylene oxide at 23°C Resistant Other Ethylene oxide at >80°C Not resistant Other Ethylenediamine at 23°C Resistant Other Fatty acids at 23°C Resistant Other Fatty alcohols at 23°C Resistant Other Ferric chloride (2,5% by mass) at 100°C Not resistant Other Ferric chloride (2,5% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Fixer (photografic) at 23°C Resistant Other Fluorinated hydrocarbons at 70°C Resistant Other Fluorine at 23°C Not resistant Other Formaldehyde (30% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Formamide at 23°C Resistant Other Formamide at >150°C Not resistant Other Formic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Formic acid (10% by mass) at 50°C Not resistant Other Fruit juices at 23°C Resistant Other Fuel; Diesel at 85°C Resistant Other Fuel; FAM 1A at 23°C Resistant Other Fuel; FAM 2A at 23°C Resistant Other Fuel; Gasoline at 85°C Resistant Other Furfural at 23°C Resistant Other Furfuryl alcohol at 23°C Resistant Other Glycerol at 170°C Not resistant Other Glycerol at 23°C Resistant Other Glycolic acid (30% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Glycols at 23°C Resistant Other Grease (based on ester oils) at <100°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Grease (based on metal soaps) at <100°C Resistant Other Grease (based on polyphenylester) at <100°C Resistant Other Hardening oils at 23°C Resistant Other Heating oils at 23°C Resistant Other Heptane at 23°C Resistant Other Hexachlorobenzene at 80°C Resistant Other Hexachloroethane at 23°C Resistant Other Hexafluoroisopropanol at 23°C Not resistant Other Hexane at 23°C Resistant Other Hydraulic fluids at 100°C Resistant Other Hydrobromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrochloric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrochloric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrochloric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrofluoric acid (40% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrofluoric acid (5% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrogen at 23°C Resistant Other Hydrogen peroxide (0.5% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Hydrogen peroxide (1% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrogen peroxide (3% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrogen peroxide (30% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydrogen sulfide (10% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Hydroiodic acid at 23°C Not resistant Other Hydroquinone (5% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Impregnating oils at 23°C Resistant Other Ink at 23°C Resistant Other Iodine (alcoholic) at 23°C Not resistant Other Iron(III)chloride (acidic) (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Iron(III)chloride (neutral) (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Iron(III)chloride (saturated) at 23°C Not resistant Other Iron(III)thiocyanate (10% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Isocyanates (aromatic) at 23°C Resistant Other Isooctane at 80°C Resistant Other Isopropanol at 23°C Resistant Other Isopropanol at 60°C Resistant Other Ketones (aliphatic) at 23°C Resistant Other Lactic acid at 10°C Resistant Other Lactic acid at 90°C Not resistant Other Lead acetate (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Linseed oil at 23°C Resistant Other Lithium bromide (10% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Lithium chloride (20% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Lithium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Lithium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 80°C Not resistant Other Lubricating oil (gear) at <130°C Resistant Other Lubricating oil (hydraulics) at <130°C Resistant Other Lubricating oil (transformers) at <130°C Resistant Other Magnesium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Magnesium salts (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Maleic acid (25% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Maleic acid (saturated) at 23°C Resistant Other Manganese salts (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Mercury at 23°C Resistant Other Mercury(II)chloride (saturated) at 23°C Not resistant Other Methane at 23°C Resistant Other Methanol at 23°C Resistant Other Methyl acetate at 23°C Resistant Other Methyl chloride at 23°C Resistant Other Methyl ethyl ketone at 23°C Resistant Other Methyl formate at 23°C Resistant Other Methyl glycol at 23°C Resistant Other Methylamine at 23°C Resistant Other Methylaniline at 23°C Resistant Other Methylbromide at 23°C Resistant Other Methylene chloride at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Methylpyrrolidone at 23°C Resistant Other Milk at 23°C Resistant Other n-Butyl ether at 23°C Resistant Other n-Butyl glycol at 23°C Resistant Other Naphtha at 23°C Resistant Other Naphthalene at 23°C Resistant Other Naphthalenesulfonic acids at 23°C Not resistant Other Naphthenic acids at 23°C Resistant Other Naphthols at 23°C Not resistant Other Nickel nitrate (10% by mass) at 23°C Limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other Nickel salts (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Nitric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Nitric acid (2% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Nitric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Nitric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Nitrobenzene at >100°C Not resistant Other Nitrocellulose lacquers (non-alcoholic) at 23°C Resistant Other Nitrotoluene at >100°C Not resistant Other Nitrous oxide at 23°C Resistant Other Octane at 23°C Resistant Other Octene at 23°C Resistant Other Oil (Shell 10W40) at 23°C Resistant Other Oil (transformers, switchgear) at 50°C Resistant Other Oils (vegatable, mineral, ethereal) at 23°C Resistant Other Oleic acid at 23°C Resistant Other Oleum (H2SO4+SO3) at 23°C Not resistant Other Oxalic acid (10% by mass) at 80°C Not resistant Other Ozone at 23°C Not resistant Other Paint solvents at 23°C Resistant Other Palmatic acid at 80°C Resistant Other Paraffin at 23°C Resistant Other Peracetic acid at 23°C Not resistant Other Perchloric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Petroleum at 23°C Resistant Other Petroleum ether and solvents at 80°C Resistant Other Phenol (conc.% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Phenol at >40°C Not resistant Other Phenyl ether at 23°C Not resistant Other Phenyl ethyl alcohol at >160°C Not resistant Other Phosphate sol. (neutral, alkaline) (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Phosphine at 23°C Resistant Other Phosphoric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Phosphoric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Polyols at 23°C Resistant Other Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 70°C Resistant Other Potassium nitrate (10% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Potassium permanganate (1% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Potassium thiocyanate (saturated) at 23°C Not resistant Other Propane at 23°C Resistant Other Propanol at 23°C Resistant Other Propanol at >100°C Not resistant Other Propene at 23°C Resistant Other Propionic acid (5% by mass) at 23°C Resistant Other Propionic acid (50% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Pyridine at 23°C Resistant Other Pyrocatechol at 23°C Not resistant Other Pyrrolidone at 23°C Resistant Other Rainwater (acidic) at 23°C Resistant Other Refrigerator oil at 23°C Resistant Other Resorcinol (alcoholic) (50% by mass) at 23°C Not resistant Other Road salts at 23°C Resistant Other Salicylic acid (satura