Arnite® AV2 340

Identification & Functionality

Chemical Family

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

Fillers Included

Glass Fiber

Polymer Name

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

Plastics & Elastomers Functions

Resin

Technologies

Plastics

Product Families

Plastics — Engineering & Specialty Polymers

Polyesters & Copolyesters

Applications & Uses

Markets

Automotive & Transportation,

Consumer Goods

Applications

Consumer Goods — Appliances & Electronics

Automotive & Transportation — Automotive

Chassis & Brake,

Safety Systems

Consumer Goods — Lawn & Garden

Plastics & Elastomers Processing Methods

Injection Molding

Properties

Mechanical Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Tensile Modulus	8500	MPa	ISO 527-1/-2
Stress at Break	150	MPa	ISO 527-1/-2
Strain at Break	2.5	%	ISO 527-1/-2
Charpy Impact Strength (at +23°C)	35	kJ/m²	ISO 179/1eU
Charpy Notched Impact Strength (at +23°C)	9	kJ/m²	ISO 179/1eA

Thermal Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Melting Temperature (10°C/min)	255	°C	ISO 11357-1/-3
Temperature of Deflection Under Load (1.80 MPa)	225	°C	ISO 75-1/-2
Temperature of Deflection Under Load (0.45 MPa)	245	°C	ISO 75-1/-2
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (parallel)	0.3	E-4/°C	ISO 11359-1/-2
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (normal)	0.7	E-4/°C	ISO 11359-1/-2

Electrical Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Volume Resistivity	>1E13	Ohm*m	IEC 62631-3-1

Other Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Water Absorption	0.5	%	Sim. to ISO 62
Humidity Absorption	0.25	%	Sim. to ISO 62
Density	1520	kg/m³	ISO 1183

Rheological Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Molding Shrinkage (parallel)	0.4	%	Sim. to ISO 294-4
Molding Shrinkage (normal)	1.1	%	Sim. to ISO 294-4

Regulatory & Compliance

Certifications & Compliance

ISO 14001,

OHSAS,

REACH (Europe)

Technical Details & Test Data

Dynamic Shear Modulus (G)-Temperature

Chemical Resistance

Chemical Type	Chemical Name	Resistance
Other	Acetaldehyde (40% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Acetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Acetic acid (95% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Ketones	Acetone at 23°C	resistant
Other	Acrylic acid at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aliphatic amines at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aliphatic hydrocarbons at 23°C	resistant
Other	Alkylbenzenes at 23°C	resistant
Other	Allyl alcohol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aluminum hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aluminum salts of mineral acids (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ammonia at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Ammonium salts of mineral acids (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ammonium thiocyanate (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Amyl acetate at 100°C	not resistant
Other	Amyl acetate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Amyl alcohol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aniline at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Anodizing liquid (HNO3/H2SO4) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Aqua Regia (HCl/HNO3) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Aromatic hydrocarbons at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Bariumsalts of mineral acids at 23°C	resistant
Other	Benzaldehyde at 23°C	resistant
Other	Benzene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Benzene at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Benzoic acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Benzoic acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Benzyl alcohol at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Beverages at 23°C	resistant
Other	Bleaching agent (NaOCl) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Boric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butadiene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butanediols at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butanols at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Butene-1 at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butyl acetate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butyric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Calcium chloride (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Calcium hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Calcium hypochloride (saturated) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Caprolactam (50% by mass) at >150°C	not resistant
Other	Carbon disulfide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Carbon tetrachloride at 23°C	resistant
Other	Casein at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chloramines (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorine water at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chloroacetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorobenzene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chlorobenzene at 50°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorodifluoroethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chlorodifluoromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chloroform at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorosulfonic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Chromyl chloride at 23°C	not resistant
Other	cis-2-butene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Citric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Cobalt salt (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Cresols at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Cycloalcohols (incl their esters) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Cycloalkanes at 23°C	resistant
Other	Cycloalkanones at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Decalin at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Developer (photografic) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dibutyl phthalate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dibutyl phthalate at 60°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Dichloroethane at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Dichloroethylene at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Dichlorofluoromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dichlorotetrafluoroethane at 23°C	resistant
Ethers	Diethyl ether at 23°C	resistant
Other	Diethylene glycol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dimethyl ether at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dimethylformamide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dioctyl phtalate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dioxan at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dioxan at 60°C	not resistant
Other	Diphenyl ether at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Dipropyl ether at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Edible fats waxes and oils at 100°C	resistant
Other	Ethane at 23°C	resistant
Alcohols	Ethanol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ethyl Acetate at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Ethylene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ethylene carbonate at 100°C	not resistant
Other	Ethylene carbonate at 50°C	not resistant
Other	Ethylene chlorohydrin at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Ethylene glycol at 100°C	not resistant
Other	Ethylene glycol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ethylene oxide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Fatty acids at 23°C	resistant
Other	Fluorinated hydrocarbons at 70°C	resistant
Other	Fluorine at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Formaldehyde (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Formamide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Formic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Formic acid (10% by mass) at 50°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Fruit juices at 23°C	resistant
Other	Heptane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hexafluoroisopropanol at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Hexane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydraulic fluids at 100°C	resistant
Other	Hydrobromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrochloric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrofluoric acid (40% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Hydrogen at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen peroxide (0.5% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen peroxide (3% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen peroxide (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen sulfide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydroquinone (5% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Isopropanol at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Ketones (aliphatic) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Lactic acid at 10°C	resistant
Other	Linseed oil at 23°C	resistant
Other	Lubricating oil (gear) at <130°C	resistant
Other	Lubricating oil (hydraulics) at <130°C	resistant
Other	Lubricating oil (transformers) at <130°C	resistant
Other	Magnesium salts (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Mercury at 23°C	resistant
Other	Methane at 23°C	resistant
Alcohols	Methanol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Methyl acetate at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Methyl chloride at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Methyl ethyl ketone at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Methylene chloride at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Methylpyrrolidone at 23°C	resistant
Other	n-Butyl glycol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Naphtha at 23°C	resistant
Other	Naphthalene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nitric acid (2% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nitric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Nitrobenzene at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Nitrotoluene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Octane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Octene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Oil (Shell 10W40) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Oil (transformers, switchgear) at 50°C	resistant
Other	Oils (vegatable, mineral, ethereal) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Oleic acid at 23°C	resistant
Other	Oleum (H2SO4+SO3) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Oxalic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ozone at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Palmatic acid at 80°C	resistant
Other	Paraffin at 23°C	resistant
Other	Petroleum at 23°C	resistant
Other	Petroleum ether and solvents at 80°C	resistant
Other	Phenol (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Phenol at >40°C	not resistant
Other	Phosphoric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Phosphoric acid (3% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Phosphoric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Phthalic acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium bromide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 70°C	resistant
Other	Potassium dichromate (5% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Potassium hydroxide (50% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Potassium nitrate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium permanganate (1% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propanol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propanol at >100°C	not resistant
Other	Propene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propionic acid (5% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Salicylic acid (saturated) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Silicone oils at <80°C	resistant
Other	Silver nitrate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium carbonate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium chlorate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium cyanide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium dichromate (10% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Sodium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Sodium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Sodium hydroxide (50% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Sodium hypochlorite (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Steam at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Stearate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Stearic acid at 23°C	resistant
Other	Styrene at 80°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Sulfur at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfur hexafluoride at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfuric acid (2% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfuric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Sulfurous acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Tetrachloroethylene at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Tetrachloroethylene at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Tetrahydrofuran at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Tetralin at 23°C	resistant
Other	Toluene at 100°C	not resistant
Hydrocarbons	Toluene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Transformer oil at 23°C	resistant
Other	Trichloroacetic acid (50% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Trichloroethane at 45°C	not resistant
Other	Trichloroethanol at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Trichloroethylene at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Trichloroethylene at >40°C	not resistant
Other	Trichlorotrifluoroethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Trietanolamine at 23°C	resistant
Other	Trifluoroethanol at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Turpentine oil at 23°C	resistant
Other	Urea (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Uric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Urine at 23°C	resistant
Other	Vaseline (acid free) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Vinyl bromide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Vinyl chloride at 23°C	resistant
Other	Water (chlorinated) at 80°C	resistant
Other	Water at 23°C	resistant
Other	Wax at 80°C	resistant
Other	Xylene at 100°C	not resistant
Other	Xylene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc chloride at 23°C	resistant

Machinery for Injection Molding

Arnite® grades can be processed on general injection molding machines.
Screw geometry

• Typically 3-zone screw designs with volumetric compression ratios of approximately 2.5 work fine.

Steel type

• Abrasive resistant tool steels which are normally used for glass and/or mineral reinforced materials are also to be used for Arnite® polymers in tools, nozzles and screws.

Nozzle temperature control

• The use of a short open nozzle with a wide bore will minimize pressure losses. Furthermore a good temperature control and an independently-controlled thermocouple nearby the tip and heater bands with sufficient output is recommended.

Hot runner layout

Try to achieve a close contact with your hot runner supplier and Envalior as the material supplier, to be sure that the right hot runner system is chosen.

When processing Arnite® with hot runners, keep in mind these basic rules:

• Central bushing heated separately
• Only use external heated system
• Manifold heated from both sides
• Tip with thermocouple in front (near gate)
• Very accurate temperature control in the gate area

Temperature Settings For Injection Molding

Mold temperature

• Arnite®A should be processed in uniformly heated tools with actual measured surface temperature of (130 - 140°C / 266 - 284°F). These temperatures are necessary to produce well crystallized PET parts.
• Mold temperature below 130°C / 266°F may result in sticking behavior, due to low crystallinity on the surface. Exceeding surface temperature in poorly tempered sections of the mold, may also lead to sticking effects.
• Both phenomena will adversely affect the cycle time and/or deform the product.
• A proper measuring device or built-in sensors to control the temperature is highly recommended.

Barrel temperature

• Optimal settings are governed by barrel size and residence time. Furthermore, the level of glass reinforcement and the presence or absence of flame retardant have to be taken into account.
• As a standard, a flat or a slightly increasing temperature profile should be applied. For flame retardant materials a flat profile is recommended.

Mold/Tool	Measured melt	Nozzle	Front	Center	Rear
130 - 140°C 266 - 284°F	270-290°C 518-554°F	270-290°C 518-554°F	270-290°C 518-554°F	270-290°C 518-554°F	270-280°C 518-536°F

Melt temperature

• To generate a good and homogeneous melt, the melt temperature should always be above 270°C / 518°F. Optimal mechanical properties will be achieved at melt temperatures between 270-290°C / 518-554°F.
• We advise to frequently measure the melt temperature by pouring the melt in a Teflon cup and inserting a thermo probe into the melt.

Hot runner temperature

• A hot runner temperature set to the same level as the nozzle temperature should work fine and not lead to excessive overheat of the Arnite® grade. When starting up, an increased tip temperature may be necessary to overcome a frozen nozzle.

General Processing Settings For Injection Molding

Screw rotation speed

• To realize a good and homogeneous melt, it is advised to set a screw rotation speed resulting in a plasticizing time that is just within the cooling time.
• The rotational speed of the screw should not exceed 6500 / D RPM (where D is the screw diameter in mm).

Back pressure

• Back pressure should be between 30-100 bars effective. Keep it low in order to prevent nozzle-drooling, excessive shear heating and long plasticizing times.

Decompression:

• In order to prevent nozzle drool after plasticizing and retracting the nozzle from the mold, a short decompression stroke can be used. However, to prevent oxidation of the melt, which may result in surface defects on the parts, it is recommended to keep this as short as possible.

Injection speed

• Moderate to high injection speeds are required in order to prevent premature crystallization in the mold during injection phase and to obtain a better surface finish. Adequate mold venting is required to avoid burning at the end of the flow path (due to diesel effect).

Injection pressure

• The real injection pressure is the result of the flowability of the material (crystallization rate, flow length, wall thickness, filling speed). The set injection pressure should be high enough to maintain the set injection speed (use set injection pressure higher than the peak pressure if possible). Tooling air vents must be effective to allow optimum filling pressure and prevent burn marks.

Holding time

• Effective holding time is determined by part thickness and gate size. Holding time should be maintained until a constant product weight is achieved.

Holding pressure

• The most adequate holding pressure is the level whereby no sinkmarks or flash are visible. A too high holding pressure can lead to stresses in the part.

Cooling Time

• Actual cooling time will depend on part geometry and dimensional quality requirements as well as the tool design (gate size).

Melt Residence Time For Injection Molding

The optimal Melt Residence Time (MRT) forArnite® AV2 340 is ≤ 8 minutes with preferably at least 50% of the maximal shot volume used. The MRT should not exceed 10 minutes.

A formula to estimate the MRT is described below:
MRT = (∏D³ρ/m) * (t/60)
Whereas:
MRT = Melt Residence Time [minutes]
D = Screw Diameter [cm]
p = Melt Density [g/cm3)
m = Shot Weight [g]
t = Cycle Time [s]

Please note: In the calculation above, the hotrunner volume has not been taken into account. When a hotrunner is part of the setup, please add the hotrunner volume to the calculation.

Startup/Shut Down/Cleaning For Injection Molding

• Production has to be started and stopped with a clean machine. Cleaning can be done with Arnite® AV2 340, applicable cleaning agents or HDPE. Hot runners can also be cleaned and put out of production cleaning them with Arnite® AV2 340.

Production Breaks For Injection Molding

• During production breaks longer than a few minutes, we advise emptying the barrel. The temperature of the barrel and the hot runner [if applicable) should be reduced to a level far enough below the melting point of the compound in order to stop decomposition of the compound.
• When the hot runner, nozzle, or even the screw is blocked, be aware that under these conditions a sudden outburst of molten material can take place. Always wear personal safety protections for hand/eye/body.

Packaging & Availability

Packaging Type

Bags,

Boxes,

Silos,

Super Sacks

Storage & Handling

Material Handling For Injection Molding

Storage

• In order to prevent moisture pick up and contamination, supplied packaging should be kept closed and undamaged. For the same reason, partial bags should be sealed before re-storage.
• Allow the material that has been stored elsewhere to adapt to the temperature in the processing room while keeping the bag closed.

Packaging

• Arnite®A grades are supplied in airtight, moisture-proof packaging.

Moisture content as delivered

• Arnite®A grades are packaged at a moisture level ≤0.02 w%.

Conditioning before molding

• To prevent moisture condensing on granules, bring cold granules up to ambient temperature in the molding shop while keeping the packaging closed.

Moisture content before molding

• To prevent hydrolysis, the moisture content of Arnite®A should be maintained at an absolute minimum during processing.
• A level below 0.015 wt% or even to require ultimate mechanical performance, it is recommended to dry to levels in the range 0.005 to 0.008 wt%.
• Furthermore, pre-drying is required in case the material is exposed to moisture before molding (prolonged storage or open/damaged packaging).
• Moisture content can be checked by water evaporation methods or manometric methods (ISO 15512).

Drying

• Preferred driers are de-humidified driers with dew points maintained between -30 and -40°C/ -22 and -40°F. Vacuum driers with N₂ purge can also be used.

Moisture content	Time	Temperature
[%]	[h]	[°c]	[°F]
as delivered	3-6	100-120	212-248
open bag	3-12	100-120	212-248

• Warm, dried granules should be prevented from cooling down and coming into contact with ambient air before entering the cylinder. Pellets should be fed with hot dried air straight from the hopper drier into the cylinder or via a closed loop system using hot dried air, from the stand-alone drier into the cylinder.

Regrind

• Regrind can be used taking into account that this regrind must be clean/low dust content/not thermally degraded/dry, of same composition and similar particle size as the original material. The acceptable level of regrind depends on the application requirements (e.g. UL Yellow Card). Be aware that regrind can cause some small color deviations.