Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Chemical Family
- Fillers Included
- Polymer Name
- Plastics & Elastomers Functions
- Technologies
Features & Benefits
- Materials Features
Applications & Uses
- Applications
- Plastics & Elastomers End Uses
- Plastics & Elastomers Processing Methods
- Bezels and AFL Frames Application Data
Details
Additional lighting components in Envalior EP materials: Sockets in Stanyl® PA46 or Akulon® PA6, Fog lamps in thermoconductive Stanyl or Arnite®.Benefits
- Arnite® XL allows for 40-50% lighter weight solutions versus metal
- Arnite® XL allows for reliable solutions due to its very low outgassing behavior ensuring good long term road visibility, its high dimensional stability (as compared to PA) resulting in less beam vibration (enabling switch to LED/Xenon and AFL/DBL)
- Arnite® XL allows for cost effective solutions as compared with PPS and PPA
- LED Module Frame Application Data
Details
Our products give high stiffness, low moisture uptake and the lowest vibration amplitudes. It has a low post molding shrinkage and is the best in class solution.Benefits
- Ultra high dimensional stability and low outgassing
- Excellent fatigue and extreme high stiffness
- Low glare risk and optimal IIHS ratings
- Sunload protection and extra cooling performance
- Lens Holder Sun Load Application Data
Details
Arnite® has a low moisture uptake and is a cost down alternative for PES, PEI regarding halogen containing systems. It is the general purpose solution.Benefits
- Sun load / brennglass solution for lens holders
- Ultra-high dimensional stability and low outgassing
- Excellent stiffness and low glare risk
- Optimal IIHS ratings
- Extra cooling performance by TC grade (XL-T)
- Foglamps Application Data
Details
Additional lighting components in Envalior EP materials: Sockets in Stanyl® PA46 or Akulon® PA6, Frames and bezels in low outgassing Arnite® XL grades.Benefits
- Arnite® XL-T allows for 40-50% lighter weight solutions versus metal
- Arnite® XL allows for reliable solutions due to its good thermoconductivity (20 C lower surface temperatures than with standard grades) its very low outgassing behavior ensuring good long term road visibility, its high dimensional stability (as compared to PA) resulting in less beam vibration (enabling switch to LED/Xenon and AFL/DBL)
- Arnite® XL-T allows for cost effective solutions as compared with PPS and PPA
Properties
- Mechanical Properties
- Thermal Properties
- Electrical Properties
- Rheological Calculation Properties
- Other Properties
- Rheological Properties
Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
Tensile Modulus | 13000 | MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
Stress at Break | 185 | MPa | ISO 527-1/-2 |
Strain at Break | 2.5 | % | ISO 527-1/-2 |
Charpy Impact Strength (at +23°C) | 60 | kJ/m² | ISO 179/1eU |
Charpy Impact Strength (at -30°C) | 60 | kJ/m² | ISO 179/1eU |
Charpy Notched Impact Strength (at +23°C) | 9 | kJ/m² | ISO 179/1eA |
Charpy Notched Impact Strength (at -30°C) | 8 | kJ/m² | ISO 179/1eA |
Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
Melting Temperature (10°C/min) | 255 | °C | ISO 11357-1/-3 |
Temperature of Deflection Under Load (1.80 MPa) | 225 | °C | ISO 75-1/-2 |
Temperature of Deflection Under Load (0.45 MPa) | 250 | °C | ISO 75-1/-2 |
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (parallel) | 0.25 | E-4/°C | ISO 11359-1/-2 |
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (normal) | 0.4 | E-4/°C | ISO 11359-1/-2 |
Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
Relative Permittivity (100Hz) | 3.7 | — | IEC 62631-2-1 |
Relative Permittivity (1 MHz) | 3.5 | — | IEC 62631-2-1 |
Dissipation Factor (100 Hz) | 30 | E-4 | IEC 62631-2-1 |
Dissipation Factor (1 MHz) | 130 | E-4 | IEC 62631-2-1 |
Volume Resistivity | >1E13 | Ohm*m | IEC 62631-3-1 |
Electric Strength | 33 | kV/mm | IEC 60243-1 |
Comparative Tracking Index | 250 | V | IEC 60112 |
Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
Density of Melt | 1350 | kg/m³ | — |
Thermal Conductivity of Melt | 0.195 | W/(m K) | — |
Specific Heat Capacity Melt | 1670 | J/(kg K) | — |
Effective Thermal Diffusivity | 8.67E-8 | m²/s | — |
Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
Water Absorption | 0.45 | % | Sim. to ISO 62 |
Humidity Absorption | 0.18 | % | Sim. to ISO 62 |
Density | 1660 | kg/m³ | ISO 1183 |
Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
Molding Shrinkage (parallel) | 0.5 | % | Sim. to ISO 294-4 |
Molding Shrinkage (normal) | 1 | % | Sim. to ISO 294-4 |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
- Quality Standards
Technical Details & Test Data
- Machinery for Injection Molding
Arnite® grades can be processed on general injection molding machines.
Screw geometry- Typically 3-zone screw designs with volumetric compression ratios of approximately 2.5 work fine.
Steel type
- Abrasive resistant tool steels which are normally used for glass and/or mineral reinforced materials are also to be used for Arnite® polymers in tools, nozzles and screws.
Nozzle temperature control
- The use of a short open nozzle with a wide bore will minimize pressure losses. Furthermore a good temperature control and an independently-controlled thermocouple nearby the tip and heater bands with sufficient output is recommended.
Hot runner layout
Try to achieve a close contact with your hot runner supplier and Envalior as the material supplier, to be sure that the right hot runner system is chosen.
When processing Arnite® with hot runners, keep in mind these basic rules:
- Central bushing heated separately
- Only use external heated system
- Manifold heated from both sides
- Tip with thermocouple in front (near gate)
- Very accurate temperature control in the gate area
- Chemical Resistance
Chemical Type Chemical Name Resistance Other Acetaldehyde (40% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Acetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Acetic acid (95% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Ketones Acetone at 23°C resistant Other Acrylic acid at 23°C resistant Other Aliphatic amines at 23°C resistant Other Aliphatic hydrocarbons at 23°C resistant Other Alkylbenzenes at 23°C resistant Other Allyl alcohol at 23°C resistant Other Aluminum hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Aluminum salts of mineral acids (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Ammonia at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Ammonium salts of mineral acids (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Ammonium thiocyanate (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Amyl acetate at 100°C not resistant Other Amyl acetate at 23°C resistant Other Amyl alcohol at 23°C resistant Other Aniline at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Anodizing liquid (HNO3/H2SO4) at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Aqua Regia (HCl/HNO3) at 23°C not resistant Other Aromatic hydrocarbons at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Bariumsalts of mineral acids at 23°C resistant Other Benzaldehyde at 23°C resistant Other Benzene at 23°C resistant Other Benzene at 80°C not resistant Other Benzoic acid (20% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Benzoic acid (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Benzyl alcohol at 23°C not resistant Other Beverages at 23°C resistant Other Bleaching agent (NaOCl) at 23°C resistant Other Boric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Butadiene at 23°C resistant Other Butane at 23°C resistant Other Butanediols at 23°C resistant Other Butanols at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Butene-1 at 23°C resistant Other Butyl acetate at 23°C resistant Other Butyric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Calcium chloride (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Calcium hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Calcium hypochloride (saturated) at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Caprolactam (50% by mass) at >150°C not resistant Other Carbon disulfide at 23°C resistant Other Carbon tetrachloride at 23°C resistant Other Casein at 23°C resistant Other Chloramines (10% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Chlorine water at 23°C not resistant Other Chloroacetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Chlorobenzene at 23°C resistant Other Chlorobenzene at 50°C not resistant Other Chlorodifluoroethane at 23°C resistant Other Chlorodifluoromethane at 23°C resistant Other Chloroform at 23°C not resistant Other Chlorosulfonic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Chromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Chromyl chloride at 23°C not resistant Other cis-2-butene at 23°C resistant Other Citric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Cobalt salt (20% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Cresols at 23°C not resistant Other Cycloalcohols (incl their esters) at 23°C resistant Other Cycloalkanes at 23°C resistant Other Cycloalkanones at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Decalin at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Developer (photografic) at 23°C resistant Other Dibutyl phthalate at 23°C resistant Other Dibutyl phthalate at 60°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Dichloroethane at 23°C not resistant Other Dichloroethylene at 23°C not resistant Other Dichlorofluoromethane at 23°C resistant Other Dichlorotetrafluoroethane at 23°C resistant Ethers Diethyl ether at 23°C resistant Other Diethylene glycol at 23°C resistant Other Dimethyl ether at 23°C resistant Other Dimethylformamide at 23°C resistant Other Dioctyl phtalate at 23°C resistant Other Dioxan at 23°C resistant Other Dioxan at 60°C not resistant Other Diphenyl ether at 80°C not resistant Other Dipropyl ether at 23°C not resistant Other Edible fats waxes and oils at 100°C resistant Other Ethane at 23°C resistant Alcohols Ethanol at 23°C resistant Other Ethyl Acetate at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Ethylene at 23°C resistant Other Ethylene carbonate at 100°C not resistant Other Ethylene carbonate at 50°C not resistant Other Ethylene chlorohydrin at 23°C not resistant Other Ethylene glycol at 100°C not resistant Other Ethylene glycol at 23°C resistant Other Ethylene oxide at 23°C resistant Other Fatty acids at 23°C resistant Other Fluorinated hydrocarbons at 70°C resistant Other Fluorine at 23°C not resistant Other Formaldehyde (30% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Formamide at 23°C resistant Other Formic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Formic acid (10% by mass) at 50°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Fruit juices at 23°C resistant Other Heptane at 23°C resistant Other Hexafluoroisopropanol at 23°C not resistant Other Hexane at 23°C resistant Other Hydraulic fluids at 100°C resistant Other Hydrobromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Hydrochloric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Hydrofluoric acid (40% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Hydrogen at 23°C resistant Other Hydrogen peroxide (0.5% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Hydrogen peroxide (3% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Hydrogen peroxide (30% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Hydrogen sulfide (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Hydroquinone (5% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Isopropanol at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Ketones (aliphatic) at 23°C not resistant Other Lactic acid at 10°C resistant Other Linseed oil at 23°C resistant Other Lubricating oil (gear) at <130°C resistant Other Lubricating oil (hydraulics) at <130°C resistant Other Lubricating oil (transformers) at <130°C resistant Other Magnesium salts (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Mercury at 23°C resistant Other Methane at 23°C resistant Alcohols Methanol at 23°C resistant Other Methyl acetate at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Methyl chloride at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Methyl ethyl ketone at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Methylene chloride at 23°C not resistant Other Methylpyrrolidone at 23°C resistant Other n-Butyl glycol at 23°C resistant Other Naphtha at 23°C resistant Other Naphthalene at 23°C resistant Other Nitric acid (2% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Nitric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Nitrobenzene at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Nitrotoluene at 23°C resistant Other Octane at 23°C resistant Other Octene at 23°C resistant Other Oil (Shell 10W40) at 23°C resistant Other Oil (transformers, switchgear) at 50°C resistant Other Oils (vegatable, mineral, ethereal) at 23°C resistant Other Oleic acid at 23°C resistant Other Oleum (H2SO4+SO3) at 23°C not resistant Other Oxalic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Ozone at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Palmatic acid at 80°C resistant Other Paraffin at 23°C resistant Other Petroleum at 23°C resistant Other Petroleum ether and solvents at 80°C resistant Other Phenol (conc.% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Phenol at >40°C not resistant Other Phosphoric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Phosphoric acid (3% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Phosphoric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Phthalic acid (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Potassium bromide (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 70°C resistant Other Potassium dichromate (5% by mass) at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Potassium hydroxide (50% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Potassium nitrate (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Potassium permanganate (1% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Propane at 23°C resistant Other Propanol at 23°C resistant Other Propanol at >100°C not resistant Other Propene at 23°C resistant Other Propionic acid (5% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Salicylic acid (saturated) at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Silicone oils at <80°C resistant Other Silver nitrate (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Sodium carbonate (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Sodium chlorate (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Sodium chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Sodium cyanide (10% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Sodium dichromate (10% by mass) at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Sodium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Sodium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 80°C not resistant Other Sodium hydroxide (50% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Sodium hypochlorite (10% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Steam at 23°C not resistant Other Stearate at 23°C resistant Other Stearic acid at 23°C resistant Other Styrene at 80°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Sulfur at 23°C resistant Other Sulfur hexafluoride at 23°C resistant Other Sulfuric acid (2% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Sulfuric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Sulfurous acid (saturated) at 23°C resistant Other Tetrachloroethylene at 23°C not resistant Other Tetrachloroethylene at 80°C not resistant Other Tetrahydrofuran at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Tetralin at 23°C resistant Other Toluene at 100°C not resistant Hydrocarbons Toluene at 23°C resistant Other Transformer oil at 23°C resistant Other Trichloroacetic acid (50% by mass) at 23°C not resistant Other Trichloroethane at 45°C not resistant Other Trichloroethanol at 23°C not resistant Other Trichloroethylene at 23°C limited resistant, tests necessary to verify Other Trichloroethylene at >40°C not resistant Other Trichlorotrifluoroethane at 23°C resistant Other Trietanolamine at 23°C resistant Other Trifluoroethanol at 23°C not resistant Other Turpentine oil at 23°C resistant Other Urea (20% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Uric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C resistant Other Urine at 23°C resistant Other Vaseline (acid free) at 23°C resistant Other Vinyl bromide at 23°C resistant Other Vinyl chloride at 23°C resistant Other Water (chlorinated) at 80°C resistant Other Water at 23°C resistant Other Wax at 80°C resistant Other Xylene at 100°C not resistant Other Xylene at 23°C resistant Other Zinc chloride at 23°C resistant - Temperature Settings For Injection Molding
Mold temperature
- Arnite®A should be processed in uniformly heated tools with actual measured surface temperature of (130 - 140°C / 266 - 284°F). These temperatures are necessary to produce well crystallized PET parts.
- Mold temperature below 130°C / 266°F may result in sticking behavior, due to low crystallinity on the surface. Exceeding surface temperature in poorly tempered sections of the mold, may also lead to sticking effects.
- Both phenomena will adversely affect the cycle time and/or deform the product.
- A proper measuring device or built-in sensors to control the temperature is highly recommended.
Barrel temperature
- Optimal settings are governed by barrel size and residence time. Furthermore, the level of glass reinforcement and the presence or absence of flame retardant have to be taken into account.
- As a standard, a flat or a slightly increasing temperature profile should be applied. For flame retardant materials a flat profile is recommended.
Mold/Tool Measured melt Nozzle Front Center Rear 130 - 140°C
266 - 284°F290-310°C
554-590°F290-310°C
554-590°F290-310°C
554-590°F290-310°C
554-590°F280-300°C
536-572°FMelt temperature
- To generate a good and homogeneous melt, the melt temperature should always be above 290°C / 554°F. Optimal mechanical properties will be achieved at melt temperatures between 290-310°C / 554-590°F.
- We advise to frequently measure the melt temperature by pouring the melt in a Teflon cup and inserting a thermo probe into the melt.
Hot runner temperature
- A hot runner temperature set to the same level as the nozzle temperature should work fine and not lead to excessive overheat of the Arnite® grade. When starting up, an increased tip temperature may be necessary to overcome a frozen nozzle.
- General Processing Settings For Injection Molding
Screw rotation speed
- To realize a good and homogeneous melt, it is advised to set a screw rotation speed resulting in a plasticizing time that is just within the cooling time.
- The rotational speed of the screw should not exceed 6500 / D RPM (where D is the screw diameter in mm).
Back pressure
- Back pressure should be between 30-100 bars effective. Keep it low in order to prevent nozzle-drooling, excessive shear heating and long plasticizing times.
Decompression:
- In order to prevent nozzle drool after plasticizing and retracting the nozzle from the mold, a short decompression stroke can be used. However, to prevent oxidation of the melt, which may result in surface defects on the parts, it is recommended to keep this as short as possible.
Injection speed
- Moderate to high injection speeds are required in order to prevent premature crystallization in the mold during injection phase and to obtain a better surface finish. Adequate mold venting is required to avoid burning at the end of the flow path (due to diesel effect).
Injection pressure
- The real injection pressure is the result of the flowability of the material (crystallization rate, flow length, wall thickness, filling speed). The set injection pressure should be high enough to maintain the set injection speed (use set injection pressure higher than the peak pressure if possible). Tooling air vents must be effective to allow optimum filling pressure and prevent burn marks.
Holding time
- Effective holding time is determined by part thickness and gate size. Holding time should be maintained until a constant product weight is achieved.
Holding pressure
- The most adequate holding pressure is the level whereby no sinkmarks or flash are visible. A too high holding pressure can lead to stresses in the part.
Cooling Time
- Actual cooling time will depend on part geometry and dimensional quality requirements as well as the tool design (gate size).
- Melt Residence Time For Injection Molding
The optimal Melt Residence Time (MRT) for Arnite® AV2 370 XL ≤ 8 minutes with preferably at least 50% of the maximal shot volume used. The MRT should not exceed 10 minutes.
A formula to estimate the MRT is described below:
MRT = (∏D³ρ/m) * (t/60)
Whereas:
MRT = Melt Residence Time [minutes]
D = Screw Diameter [cm]
p = Melt Density [g/cm3)
m = Shot Weight [g]
t = Cycle Time [s]Please note: In the calculation above, the hotrunner volume has not been taken into account. When a hotrunner is part of the setup, please add the hotrunner volume to the calculation.
- Startup/Shut Down/Cleaning For Injection Molding
- Production has to be started and stopped with a clean machine. Cleaning can be done with PET-GF, applicable cleaning agents or HDPE. Hot runners can also be cleaned and put out of production cleaning them with PET-GF.
- Production Breaks For Injection Molding
- During production breaks longer than a few minutes, we advise emptying the barrel. The temperature of the barrel and the hot runner [if applicable] should be reduced to a level far enough below the melting point of the compound in order to stop decomposition of the compound.
- When the hot runner, nozzle, or even the screw is blocked, be aware that under these conditions a suddenoutburst of molten material can take place. Always wear personal safety protections for hand/eye/body.
Packaging & Availability
- Packaging Type
Storage & Handling
- Material Handling For Injection Molding
Storage
- In order to prevent moisture pick up and contamination, supplied packaging should be kept closed and undamaged. For the same reason, partial bags should be sealed before re-storage.
- Allow the material that has been stored elsewhere to adapt to the temperature in the processing room while keeping the bag closed.
Packaging
- Arnite®A grades are supplied in airtight, moisture-proof packaging.
Moisture content as delivered
- Arnite®A grades are packaged at a moisture level ≤0.02 w%.
Conditioning before molding
- To prevent moisture condensing on granules, bring cold granules up to ambient temperature in the molding shop while keeping the packaging closed.
Moisture content before molding
- To prevent hydrolysis, the moisture content of Arnite®A should be maintained at an absolute minimum during processing.
- A level below 0.015 wt% or even to require ultimate mechanical performance, it is recommended to dry to levels in the range 0.005 to 0.008 wt%.
- Furthermore, pre-drying is required in case the material is exposed to moisture before molding (prolonged storage or open/damaged packaging).
- Moisture content can be checked by water evaporation methods or manometric methods (ISO 15512).
Drying
- Preferred driers are de-humidified driers with dew points maintained between -30 and -40°C/ -22 and -40°F. Vacuum driers with N₂ purge can also be used.
Moisture content Time Temperature [%] [h] [°c] [°F] as delivered 3-6 100-120 212-248 open bag 3-12 100-120 212-248 - Warm, dried granules should be prevented from cooling down and coming into contact with ambient air before entering the cylinder. Pellets should be fed with hot dried air straight from the hopper drier into the cylinder or via a closed loop system using hot dried air, from the stand-alone drier into the cylinder.
Regrind
- The use of regrind is not recommended with respect to the material properties.