Arnite® T04 200

Identification & Functionality

Polymer Name

Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)

Plastics & Elastomers Functions

Resin

Technologies

Plastics

Product Families

Plastics — Engineering & Specialty Polymers

Polyesters & Copolyesters

Features & Benefits

Labeling Claims

Food Contact Acceptable

Materials Features

Food Contact Acceptable,

Low Viscosity

Applications & Uses

Markets

Consumer Goods,

Electrical & Electronics

Applications

Consumer Goods — Appliances & Electronics

Electrical & Electronics — Parts & Components

Connectors

Plastics & Elastomers Processing Methods

Injection Molding

Properties

Thermal Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Melting Temperature (10°C/min)	225	°C	ISO 11357-1/-3

Other Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Water Absorption	0.45	%	Sim. to ISO 62
Humidity Absorption	0.18	%	Sim. to ISO 62
Density	1300	kg/m³	ISO 1183

Rheological Properties

	Value	Units	Test Method / Conditions
Melt Volume-Flow Rate (at 250 / * °C, 2.16 / * kg)	75	cm³/10min	ISO 1133

Regulatory & Compliance

Certifications & Compliance

ISO 14001,

OHSAS,

REACH (Europe)

Technical Details & Test Data

Machinery for Injection Molding

Arnitel® grades can be processed on general injection molding machines.
Screw Geometry

• Typically 3-zone screw designs with volumetric compression ratios of approximately 2.5 work fine.

Steel Type

• Abrasive resistant tool steels which are normally used for glass and/or mineral reinforced materials are also to be used for Arnitel® polymers in tools, nozzles and screws.

Nozzle Temperature Control

• The use of an open nozzle with good temperature control and an independently-controlled thermocouple nearby the tip and heater bands with sufficient output is recommended.

Hot Runner Layout

• Try to achieve a close contact with your hot runner supplier and Envalior as the material supplier, to be sure that the right hot runner system is chosen.
• When processing Arnite® with hot runners, keep in mind these basic rules:

1. Central bushing heated separately
2. Only use external heated system
3. Manifold heated from both sides
4. Tip with thermocouple in front (near gate)
5. Very accurate temperature control in the gate area

Secant Modulus-Strain

Chemical Resistance

Chemical Type	Chemical Name	Resistance
Other	Acetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Acetic acid (95% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Ketones	Acetone at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Acetophenone at 23°C	resistant
Other	Acetylene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aliphatic amines at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aliphatic hydrocarbons at 23°C	resistant
Other	Allyl alcohol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aluminum acetate (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aluminum hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aluminum salts of mineral acids (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Amino acids (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ammonia at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Ammonium salts of mineral acids (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Amyl acetate at 100°C	not resistant
Other	Amyl acetate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Amyl alcohol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Aniline at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Anodizing liquid (HNO3/H2SO4) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Aqua Regia (HCl/HNO3) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Aromatic hydrocarbons at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Bariumsalts of mineral acids at 23°C	resistant
Other	Benzene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Benzene at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Benzoic acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Benzoic acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Beverages at 23°C	resistant
Other	Bleaching agent (NaOCl) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Boric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Boron trifluoride at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Brake fluids (DOT 3/4) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Bromine water (saturated) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Bromochlorodifluoromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Bromotrifluoromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butadiene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butanediols at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butanediols at >140°C	not resistant
Other	Butanols at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butene glycol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butene glycol at >160°C	not resistant
Other	Butene-1 at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butter at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butyl acetate at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Butyl acrylate at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Butyl glycolate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butyl phthalate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Butyric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Calcium chloride (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Calcium hydroxide (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Calcium hypochloride (saturated) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Camphor (alcoholic) (50% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Caprolactam (50% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Casein at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chloramines (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorine water at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chloroacetic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorobenzene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chlorobenzene at 50°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorobromomethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chlorodifluoroethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chlorodifluoromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chlorofluoroethylene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Chloroform at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chlorosulfonic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Chromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	cis-2-butene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Citric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Copper(II) salt (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Cresols at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Cycloalcohols (incl their esters) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Cycloalkanes at 23°C	resistant
Other	Cycloalkanones at 23°C	resistant
Other	Decalin at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Developer (photografic) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dibutyl phthalate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dibutyl phthalate at 60°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Dichloroethane at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Dichloroethylene at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Dichlorofluoromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dichlorotetrafluoroethane at 23°C	resistant
Ethers	Diethyl ether at 23°C	resistant
Other	Diethylene glycol at >140°C	not resistant
Other	Difluoromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dimethyl ether at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dimethylformamide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dimethylsulfoxide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dioctyl phtalate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dioxan at 23°C	resistant
Other	Dioxan at 60°C	not resistant
Other	Diphenyl ether at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Dipropyl ether at 23°C	resistant
Other	Edible fats waxes and oils at 100°C	resistant
Other	Electroplating bath (acidic) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Electroplating bath (alkali) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Ethane at 23°C	resistant
Alcohols	Ethanol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ethyl Acetate at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Ethylene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ethylene carbonate at 100°C	not resistant
Other	Ethylene carbonate at 50°C	not resistant
Other	Ethylene oxide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Fatty acids at 23°C	resistant
Other	Fatty alcohols at 23°C	resistant
Other	Fixer (photografic) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Fluorinated hydrocarbons at 70°C	resistant
Other	Fluorine at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Formaldehyde (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Formic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Formic acid (10% by mass) at 50°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Fruit juices at 23°C	resistant
Other	Fuel; Diesel at 85°C	resistant
Other	Hardening oils at 23°C	resistant
Other	Heating oils at 23°C	resistant
Other	Heptane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hexafluoroisopropanol at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Hexamethylenetetramine at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hexane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydraulic fluids at 100°C	resistant
Other	Hydrobromic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Hydrochloric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Hydrofluoric acid (40% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Hydrogen at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen peroxide (0.5% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen peroxide (3% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen peroxide (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydrogen sulfide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Hydroiodic acid at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Hydroquinone (5% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Impregnating oils at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ink at 23°C	resistant
Other	Iron(III)chloride (neutral) (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Isocyanates (aromatic) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Isooctane at 80°C	resistant
Other	Isopropanol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Isopropanol at 60°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Ketones (aliphatic) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Lactic acid at 10°C	resistant
Other	Lead acetate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Linseed oil at 23°C	resistant
Other	Lithium bromide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Lithium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Lithium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Lubricating oil (gear) at <130°C	resistant
Other	Lubricating oil (hydraulics) at <130°C	resistant
Other	Lubricating oil (transformers) at <130°C	resistant
Other	Magnesium salts (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Maleic acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Manganese salts (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Mercury at 23°C	resistant
Other	Methane at 23°C	resistant
Alcohols	Methanol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Methyl acetate at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Methyl ethyl ketone at 23°C	resistant
Other	Methyl formate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Methylene chloride at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Milk at 23°C	resistant
Other	n-Butyl ether at 23°C	resistant
Other	n-Butyl glycol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Naphtha at 23°C	resistant
Other	Naphthalene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Naphthenic acids at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nickel salts (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nitric acid (2% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nitric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Nitrobenzene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nitrocellulose lacquers (alcoholic) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Nitrocellulose lacquers (non-alcoholic) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Nitrogen oxides at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nitrotoluene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Nitrous fumes at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Nitrous oxide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Octane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Octene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Oil (transformers, switchgear) at 50°C	resistant
Other	Oils (vegatable, mineral, ethereal) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Oleic acid at 23°C	resistant
Other	Oleum (H2SO4+SO3) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Oxalic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Ozone at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Paint solvents at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Palmatic acid at 80°C	resistant
Other	Paraffin at 23°C	resistant
Other	Petroleum at 23°C	resistant
Other	Petroleum ether and solvents at 80°C	resistant
Other	Phenol (alc. sol.) (70% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Phenol (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Phenol at >40°C	not resistant
Other	Phosphate sol. (neutral, alkaline) (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Phosphine at 23°C	resistant
Other	Phosphoric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Phosphoric acid (3% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Phosphoric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Phthalic acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Polyols at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium bromide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium chloride (10% by mass) at 70°C	not resistant
Other	Potassium dichromate (5% by mass) at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Potassium hydroxide (50% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Potassium nitrate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Potassium permanganate (1% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propanol at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propanol at >100°C	not resistant
Other	Propene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Propionic acid (5% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Pyruvic acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Resorcinol (alcoholic) (50% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Salicylic acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Silane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Silicone oils at <80°C	resistant
Other	Soap solution (10% by mass) at 80°C	resistant
Other	Sodium carbonate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium chlorate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium hydrogen carbonate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium hydrogen sulfate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium hydrogen sulfite (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium hydroxide (10% by mass) at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Sodium hydroxide (50% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Sodium hypochlorite (10% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Sodium hypophosphite (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium lignosulfonate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium nitrilotriacetate (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium oleate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sodium salts (nitrate, sulfate) (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Soldering fluid at 23°C	resistant
Other	Steam at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Stearate at 23°C	resistant
Other	Stearic acid at 23°C	resistant
Other	Styrene at 80°C	resistant
Other	Sulfonates (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfur at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfur dioxide (dry) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfur dioxide (moist) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfur hexafluoride at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfuric acid (2% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Sulfuric acid (conc.% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Sulfurous acid (saturated) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Tartaric acid (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Tartaric acid (50% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Tetrachloroethylene at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Tetrachloroethylene at 80°C	not resistant
Other	Tetrachloromethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Tetrahydrofuran at 23°C	resistant
Other	Tetralin at 23°C	resistant
Other	Tetramethylenesulfone at 23°C	resistant
Other	Toluene at 100°C	not resistant
Hydrocarbons	Toluene at 23°C	resistant
Other	Trichloroacetic acid (50% by mass) at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Trichloroacetic acid ethyl ester at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Trichloroethane at 45°C	resistant
Other	Trichloroethanol at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Trichloroethylene at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Trichloroethylene at >40°C	not resistant
Other	Trichlorotrifluoroethane at 23°C	resistant
Other	Trietanolamine at 23°C	resistant
Other	Trifluoroethanol at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Turpentine oil at 23°C	resistant
Other	Turpentine substitute at 23°C	resistant
Other	Uranium fluoride at 23°C	not resistant
Other	Uric acid (20% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Urine at 23°C	resistant
Other	Vaseline (acid free) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Vinyl bromide at 23°C	resistant
Other	Vinyl chloride at 23°C	resistant
Other	Vinyl fluoride at 23°C	resistant
Other	Water (chlorinated) at 80°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Water at 23°C	resistant
Other	Wax at 80°C	resistant
Other	Xylene at 100°C	not resistant
Other	Xylene at 23°C	limited resistant, tests necessary to verify
Other	Yeast at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc bromide (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc chloride (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc chloride (37% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc chloride at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc iodide (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc nitrate (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc thiocyanate (30% by mass) at 23°C	resistant
Other	Zinc(II)salts of mineral acids (10% by mass) at 23°C	resistant

Temperature Settings For Injection Molding

Mold temperature

• Arnite®T can be used with a wide range of tool temperatures (60 - 100°C / 140 - 212°F). However, we recommend a low mold temperature for parts with thick walls and a high mold temperature for good dimensional stability, flow properties and surface esthetics.

Barrel temperature

• Optimal settings are governed by barrel size and residence time. Furthermore, the level of glass and/or mineral reinforcement and the presence or absence of flame retardant have to be taken into account.

Mold/Tool	Measured melt	Nozzle	Front	Center	Rear
60 - 100°C 140 - 212°F	240-270°C 464-518°F	240-260°C 464.-500°F	240-260°C 464.-500°F	230-250°C 446-482°F	230-240°C 446-464°F

Melt temperature

• To generate a good and homogeneous melt, the melt temperature should always be above 240°C / 464°F. Optimal mechanical properties will be achieved at melt temperatures between 240-270°C / 464-518°F.
• We advise to frequently measure the melt temperature by pouring the melt in a Teflon cup and inserting a thermo probe into the melt.

Hot runner temperature

• A hot runner temperature set to the same level as the nozzle temperature should work fine and not lead to excessive overheat of the Arnite® grade. When starting up, an increased tip temperature may be necessary to overcome a frozen nozzle.
   

Stress-Strain

General Processing Settings For Injection Molding

Screw rotation speed

• To realize a good and homogeneous melt, it is advised to set a screw rotation speed resulting in a plasticizing time that is just within the cooling time.
• The rotational speed of the screw should not exceed 6500 / D RPM (where D is the screw diameter in mm).

Back pressure

• Back pressure should be between 30-100 bars effective. Keep it low in order to prevent nozzle-drooling, excessive shear heating and long plasticizing times.

Decompression:

• In order to prevent nozzle drool after plasticizing and retracting the nozzle from the mold, a short decompression stroke can be used. However, to prevent oxidation of the melt, which may result in surface defects on the parts, it is recommended to keep this as short as possible.

Injection speed

• Moderate to high injection speeds are required in order to prevent premature crystallization in the mold during injection phase and to obtain a better surface finish. Adequate mold venting is required to avoid burning at the end of the flow path (due to diesel effect).

Injection pressure

• The real injection pressure is the result of the flowability of the material (crystallization rate, flow length, wall thickness, filling speed). The set injection pressure should be high enough to maintain the set injection speed (use set injection pressure higher than the peak pressure if possible). Tooling air vents must be effective to allow optimum filling pressure and prevent burn marks.

Holding time

• Effective holding time is determined by part thickness and gate size. Holding time should be maintained until a constant product weight is achieved.

Holding pressure

• The most adequate holding pressure is the level whereby no sinkmarks or flash are visible. A too high holding pressure can lead to stresses in the part.

Cooling Time

• Actual cooling time will depend on part geometry and dimensional quality requirements as well as the tool design (gate size).

Viscosity-Shear Rate

Melt Residence Time For Injection Molding

The optimal Melt Residence Time (MRT) for Arnite® To4 200 is ≤ 6 minutes with preferably at least 50% of the maximal shot volume used. The MRT should not exceed 10 minutes.

A formula to estimate the MRT is described below:
MRT = (∏D³ρ/m) * (t/60)
Whereas:
MRT = Melt Residence Time [minutes]
D = Screw Diameter [cm]
p = Melt Density [g/cm3)
m = Shot Weight [g]
t = Cycle Time [s]

Please note: In the calculation above, the hotrunner volume has not been taken into account. When a hotrunner is part of the setup, please add the hotrunner volume to the calculation.

Startup/Shut Down/Cleaning For Injection Molding

• Production has to be started and stopped with a clean machine. Cleaning can be done with Arnite® To, 200, applicable cleaning agents or HDPE. Hot runners can also be cleaned and put out of production cleaning them with Arnite® To4 200.

Production Breaks For Injection Molding

• During production breaks longer than a few minutes, we advise emptying the barrel. The temperature of the barrel and the hot runner [if applicable) should be reduced to a level far enough below the melting point of the compound in order to stop decomposition of the compound.
• When the hot runner, nozzle, or even the screw is blocked, be aware that under these conditions a sudden outburst of molten material can take place. Always wear personal safety protections for hand/eye/body.

Packaging & Availability

Packaging Type

Bags,

Boxes,

Silos,

Super Sacks

Storage & Handling

Material Handling For Injection Molding

Storage

• In order to prevent moisture pick up and contamination, supplied packaging should be kept closed and undamaged. For the same reason, partial bags should be sealed before re-storage.
• Allow the material that has been stored elsewhere to adapt to the temperature in the processing room while keeping the bag closed.

Packaging

• Arnite®T grades are supplied in airtight packaging.

Moisture content as delivered

• Arnite®T is delivered with a low moisture content, additional drying is required to prevent hydrolysis.

Conditioning before molding

• To prevent moisture condensing on granules, bring cold granules up to ambient temperature in the molding shop while keeping the packaging closed.

Moisture content before molding

• To prevent hydrolysis, the moisture content of Arnite®T should be maintained at an absolute minimum during processing.
• A level below 0.020 wt% or even to require ultimate mechanical performance, it is recommended to dry to levels in the range 0.010 to 0.015 wt%.
• Furthermore, pre-drying is required in case the material is exposed to moisture before molding (prolonged storage or open/damaged packaging).
• Moisture content can be checked by water evaporation methods or manometric methods (ISO 15512).

Drying

• Preferred driers are de-humidified driers with dew points maintained between -20 and -30°C / -4 and -22°F. Vacuum driers with N₂ purge can also be used.

Moisture content	Time	Temperature
[%]	[h]	[°c]	[°F]
as delivered	3-6	100-120	212-248
open bag	3-12	100-120	212-248

• Warm, dried granules should be prevented from cooling down and coming into contact with ambient air before entering the cylinder. Pellets should be fed with hot dried air straight from the hopper drier into the cylinder or via a closed loop system using hot dried air, from the stand-alone drier into the cylinder.
• If the pellets have the tendency to stick to each other, we advise to use a lower drying temperature (80°C / 176F).

Regrind

• Regrind can be used taking into account that this regrind must be clean/low dust content/not thermally degraded/dry, of same composition and similar particle size as the original material. The acceptable level of regrind depends on the application requirements (e.g. UL Yellow Card). Be aware that regrind can cause some small color deviations.