Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Chemical Family
- Technologies
- Product Families
Features & Benefits
- Labeling Claims
- Ready-to-Use Product Features
- Features/Benefits
- Exceptional adhesion to construction materials
- Low viscosity penetrates deep into cracks
- Easy to use 2:1 mix ratio
- Moisture insensitive
- Tenacious bond strength
Applications & Uses
- Applications
- Application Area
- Primary Applications
- Bonding of concrete, masonry, or wood
- Injection resin for cracked, structural substrates
- Gravity feed or pressure inject cracks in concrete slabs
- Anchoring bolts, dowels, or pins
- Mix with dried silica sand to create a repair mortar
- Coverage
For injection, 1 neat gal yields 231in³ of epoxy. 1 gal of neat DURAL 452 LV epoxy mixed with 3 gal of dry 20/40 mesh silica sand will yield approximately 643in³ of mortar.
Note - Coverage rates are approximate. Actual coverage depends on temperature, texture, and substrate porosity.
- Clean Up
Clean tools and application equipment immediately with acetone, xylene, or MEK. Clean spills or drips with the same solvents while still wet. Hardened DURAL 452 LV will require mechanical abrasion for removal.
- Directions For Use
Surface Preparation
The surface must be structurally sound, dry, clean and free of grease, oil, curing compounds, soil, dust and other contaminants. Surface laitance must be removed. Concrete surfaces must be roughened and made absorptive, preferably by mechanical means, and then thoroughly cleaned of all dust and debris. If the surface was prepared by chemical means (acid etching), a water/baking soda or water/ammonia mixture, followed by a clean water rinse, must be used for cleaning, to neutralize the substrate. Allow substrate to dry before application. Route cracks and blows dust/ debris from them with oil-free compressed air. Following surface preparation, the strength of the surface can be tested if quantitative results are required by project specifications. An elcometer or similar tensile pull tester may be used by ASTM D4541, and the tensile pull-off strength should be at least 250psi. When coating steel, all contamination should be removed and the steel surface prepared to a “near white” finish (SSPC SP10) using clean dry blasting media.
Mixing
Mix DURAL 452 LV using a low-speed drill and a mixing paddle. Pre-mix Part A and Part B separately for approximately 1 minute each. Combine Part A and Part B in a 2:1 ratio by volume, then mix thoroughly for 3 to 5 minutes. To make DURAL 452 LV mortar, gradually add clean, dry, 20/40 mesh silica sand to previously mixed DURAL 452 LV epoxy and mix thoroughly for 3 to 5 minutes. The mix ratio of aggregate to mixed epoxy is approximately 3:1 by volume but can be modified depending on the desired consistency of the mortar.
Scrape the bottom and sides of the containers at least once during mixing. Do not scrape the bottom or sides of the container once mixing operations have ceased; doing so may result in unmixed resin or hardener being applied to the substrate. Unmixed resin or hardener will not cure properly. Do not aerate the material during mixing. To keep aeration to a minimum, the recommended mixing paddles are #P1 or #P2 as found in ICRI Guideline 320.5R-2014.
Application
- Pressure injecting vertical cracks - Attach injection ports and seal the face of the crack with DURAL 452 GEL or DURAL FAST SET GEL. Allow the sealing gel to sufficiently harden before injecting, to prevent blowouts. Pump DURAL 452 LV into the crack via the injection ports, using two-component pressure injection equipment. Start at the bottom of the crack and work upwards from port to port. Cap off ports as you proceed up the crack to ensure that DURAL 452 LV is kept contained within the crack. Do not inject if water is leaking from the crack.
- Horizontal cracks - Open cracks by mechanical means and ensure that the prepared crack is free of all debris and standing water. If pressure injecting, instructions are the same as for vertical cracks. If gravity is feeding, pump DURAL 452 LV until cracks are filled. If working on an elevated slab, ensure the bottom of the slab is sealed before injecting or gravity feeding the crack, to ensure epoxy does not leak through.
- Anchoring bolts, dowels, pins - DURAL 452 LV can be used neat or as a mortar to grout vertically-aligned anchors (into a horizontal substrate). The anchor hole should be free of all debris before grouting. The optimum hole size is 1.6mm annular space 3.2mm larger diameter than anchor diameter). Depth of embedment is typically 10 to 15 times anchor diameter.
- Patching and repairs - Apply DURAL 452 LV neat as a primer coat to the prepared concrete surface. Mix the DURAL 452 LV into an epoxy mortar and apply to the area by trowel or spatula in lifts of 25 to 38 mm before the neat primer coat becomes tack free. Allow each lift to reach the initial set before applying subsequent lifts.
Properties
- Typical Properties
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Mixed Viscosity | 450.0 | cP | ASTM D2556 |
| Gel Time | 34.0 | minutes | ASTM C881 |
| Bond Strength (2 Days) | 1300.0 | psi | ASTM C882 |
| Bond Strength (14 Days) | 1750.0 | psi | ASTM C882 |
| Water Absorption (24h) | 0.1 | % | ASTM D570 |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 120.0 | °F | ASTM D648 |
| Linear Coefficient of Shrinkage | 0.003 | — | ASTM D2566 |
| Compressive Yield (7 Days) | 15500.0 | psi | ASTM D695 |
| Compressive Modulus (7 Days) | 600000.0 | psi | ASTM D695 |
| Tensile Strength (7 Days) | 7250.0 | psi | ASTM D638 |
| Elongation at Break | 1.5 | % | ASTM D638 |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Specifications & Compliances
- Complies with ASTM C881 Types I and IV, Grade 1, Class C
- Meets the requirements of AASHTO M 235
- Canadian MTQ
Packaging & Availability
- Packaging Type
- Packaging
- 0.75 gal unit, Code: 002DL 01
- 3 gal unit, Code: 002DL 03
- 15 gal unit, Code: 002DL 15
- 15.2 oz dual cartridge (case of 12), Code: 002DL 98
Storage & Handling
- Shelf Life
2 years in original, unopened package.
- Precautions/Limitations
- Store DURAL 452 LV indoors, protected from moisture, at temperatures between 50°F and 90°F.
- Surface and ambient temperature during applications should be between 50°F and 90°F.
- Material temperatures should be at least 50°F and rising.
- Working time and cure time will decrease as the temperature increases and will increase as the temperature decreases.
- Do not thin DURAL 452 LV.
- DURAL 452 LV will discolor upon prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light and high-intensity artificial lighting.
- DURAL 452 LV is not to be used as a finished/esthetic coating.
- Do not use DURAL 452 LV for horizontally-aligned anchors (into a vertical substrate).
- Do not use DURAL 452 LV for overhead anchoring.
- Maximum application thickness of DURAL 452 LV mortar is 1.5” per lift.