Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Ingredient Name
- Ingredient Origin
- Food Ingredients Functions
- Pharma & Nutraceuticals Functions
- Chemical Formula
- C6 H12 O6
- Molecular Weight
- 180.16
- CAS No.
- 458766.0
- EINECS No.
- 211-394-0
- Ingredients
- Inositol Hexaphosphate
- Product Families
- Natural Occurence
DCI is found in several plants and fruits, in buckwheat, but also carob and certain melons.
Features & Benefits
- Labeling Claims
- Food Ingredients Features
Applications & Uses
- Markets
- Food & Nutrition Applications
Properties
- Soluble in
- Water
- Appearance
- White to off-white fine-crystalline powder
- Taste
- only slightly sweet, no distinct side- or aftertaste
- Typical Properties
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Loss on drying | max. 2 | % | - |
| Loss on drying | max. 2.0 | % | - |
| Melting range | 230.0 | °C | - |
| Assay Count | min. 98.0 | % d.m. | - |
| Reducing sugars | max. 1.0 | % d.m. | - |
| Other inositols | max. 1.0 | % d.m. | - |
| Lead Count | max. 3.0 | mg/kg | - |
| Mercury | max. 0.1 | mg/kg | - |
| Total plate count | max. 104 | cfu/1g | - |
| E. coli | absent | cfu/1g | - |
| Listeria monocytogenes | absent | cfu/25g | - |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Regulatory
DCI is often consumed for its physiological effects and therefore generally classified as a food and not as a food additive. Whenever specific pharmaceutical effects are claimed, products with DCI may be classified as a pharmaceutical and require a respective authorisation.
EU
In the EU, DCI has been consumed as part of the regular diet by consumption of carob and soy products for decades if not centuries. Only consumption of well-exceeding levels the intake from these sources may require an examination of whether the specific use has to be authorized. Health claims have to be approved by the EU under conditions outlined in Regulation 1924/2006/EC, especially art. 13 and 14. Claims going beyond a health claim require the authorisation of DCI formulations as a pharmaceutical.
JAPAN
In Japan, DCI-containing products would be qualified by FOSHU (Foods for Specified Health Uses) responsible for the approval provided that the general requirements of effectiveness, safety, appropriate ingredients and adequate quality control are met.
USA
In the USA, DCI is qualified for use in dietary supplements. Any claims on DCI functions have to be based on scientific evidence and to be accompanied by the following statement: “The Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated this statement. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease”. Any claim referring to treatment or cure of a disease makes a product a pharmaceutical which would require authorisation under pharmaceuticals legislation.
Technical Details & Test Data
- Physiological Activity
DCI is one of the inositols with physiological activity.
Metabolism
In the human body, DCI is excreted as such. The clearance highly depends on the physiological state of the organism, and it is significantly increased in diabetic people.
d-chiro-inositol and glucose metabolism and diabetes
The hormone insulin is a crucial substance for the control of metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) in the body. A low insulin level results in diabetes mellitus disease. Insufficient treatment of diabetes can cause different types of severe long-term damage to several parts of the human body. DCI seems to be a key substance for the positive effects on diabetes as non-insulin-dependent, people with diabetes were shown to have a ca. 5-fold higher and insulin-dependent diabetics even more than 30-fold higher excretion rate of this substance than healthy people. Compared to healthy persons, they have a deficient level of DCI compound or lack of it altogether. Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in humans are inversely correlated to the excretion of DCI. Accordingly, the lack of DCI in diabetic patients may be an early marker for post-receptor insulin resistance in diabetes in general, including gestational diabetes. DCI is known to be an essential secondary messenger in the insulin signal transduction.
A glycan insulin mediator contains DCI and activates two key phosphoprotein phosphatases: pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and glycogen synthase phosphatase 2C. These are the key rate-limiting enzymes in insulin-stimulated glycogen and fat synthesis and therefore in maintaining healthy blood glucose levels.
DCI and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. A deficiency in a specific d-chiro-inositol containing an inositol phospho glycan mediator may contribute to insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Study results indicate that the use of insulin-sensitizing agents in patients with PCOS may improve their sensitivity to the effects of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism but also ameliorate clinical and biochemical manifestations. In one study, women suffering from PCOS given 600 mg/d for 6 – 8 weeks in comparison to a placebo group DCI improved glucose tolerance, decreased serum androgens and improved ovulation. Insulin-sensitizing therapy seems, therefore, a promising therapy for the treatment of PCOS, offering metabolic and gynaecologic benefits for women who suffer from this syndrome. Should favorable results with DCI be repeated, it could play a role in such therapies.
d-chiro-inositol and fat metabolism and storage
Abnormal lipid profiles often accompany diabetes. While DCI alone may already reduce elevated lipid levels, combination with other lipid-reducing agents, may be beneficial.
Safety & Health
- Safety
Humans tolerate DCI well. Long-term DCI ingestion by humans from different plant foods which contain DCI like buckwheat or carob pods has not shown adverse effects. Neither has a higher incidence of negative effects compared to placebo groups been reported from human studies with DCI of several hundred mg per person per day for several weeks. Based on the historical evidence, it can reasonably be concluded that the intake of a reasonable amount of DCI is safe.
Storage & Handling
- Storage and Expiration
Store the product under cool and dry conditions.
Best consumption before two (2) years since production date for unopened original packaging.