Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Ingredient Name
- Vitamin Type
- Food Ingredients Functions
- Pharma & Nutraceuticals Functions
- Molecular formula
- C₄₆H₆₄O₂
- Ingredients
- Menaquinone
- Product Families
- Chemical Structure
Features & Benefits
- Benefit Claims (Health)
- Labeling Claims
- Food Ingredients Features
- Product Background
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor to γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), an enzyme that catalyzes glutamic acid residues of specific proteins to γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) to form Gla-containing proteins. These proteins, also called vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs), are listed in Table 1. When intake of vitamin K is insufficient, VKDPs are not fully activated and fail to execute their specific functions.
Table 1. Vitamin K-dependent proteins.
Protein Function Factors II (Prothrombin), VII, IX, X Procoagulants Proteins C, S, Z Anticoagulants Osteocalcin Regulator of mineral deposition
Matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein Inhibition of ectopic calcification
γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich protein Inhibition of ectopic calcification, Anti-inflammatory
Periostin Inhibition of ectopic calcification, Tissue regeneration
Growth arrest-specific protein 6 Cell proliferation Proline-rich γ-carboxyglutamyl proteins 1 and 2 Not well-known γ-glutamyl carboxylase Glutamyl carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent protein
Vitamin K was initially discovered as a nutrient involved in blood clotting. There are two forms, K1 (found in plant foods) and K2 (found in animal and fermented foods). A higher intake of vitamin K2 is strongly associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Vitamin K1 appears to be less useful or ineffective.
- Benefits
MK-7 is a member of the vitamin K2 family, while Natto contains far more Vitamin K2 than any other food ever tested. It is also the only significant plant-based, vegan food source of Vitamin K2 available. About 90% of Natto’s K2 is in MK-7 form, the type of menaquinone which has the strongest evidence for bone health benefit, performs several functions, all related to its recognized effect on post-translational carboxylation of certain protein-bound glutamate residues:
- Vitamin K2 plays an essential role in bone metabolism, and studies suggest that it can help prevent osteoporosis and fractures.
- Vitamin K2 Benefits for Dental Health Though overshadowed by calcium and D3, vitamin K2 is a critical nutrient for oral and dental health. found primarily in animal products, K2 helps keep the oral microbiome in balance, prevents cavities, and supports remineralization.
- Vitamin K2 has been found to improve survival in patients with liver cancer. Men who consume the highest amounts of K2 appear to have a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer.
Applications & Uses
- Applications
- Food & Nutrition Applications
Properties
- Appearance
- Yellow powder
- Odor
- Characteristic
- Soluble in
- n-hexane and ethanol
- Slightly Soluble in
- Methanol
- Insoluble in
- Water
- Typical Properties
- Microbiological Values
- Heavy Metals
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Identification (IR) | Conforms | — | — |
| Content of MK-7 (all-trans) | 96.0 - 101.0 | % | — |
| Loss on Drying | max. 0.5 | % | — |
| Residue on Ignition | max. 0.2 | % | — |
| Molecular Weight | 649.1 | — | — |
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Aerobic Plate Count | max. 1000 | cfu/g | — |
| Yeasts and Molds | max. 300 | cfu/g | — |
| Escherichia coli | Negative | — | — |
| Salmonella | Negative | /10g | — |
| Staphylococcus Aureus | Negative | — | — |
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Heavy Metals | max. 10 | ppm | — |
| Arsenic Content | max. 2 | ppm | — |
| Lead Content | max. 3 | ppm | — |
| Cadmium Content | max. 1 | ppm | — |
| Mercury Content | max. 0.1 | ppm | — |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
Packaging & Availability
- Packaging Type
- Package
1kg aluminum foil bag lined with PE bag.
Storage & Handling
- Shelf Life
- 24 months
- Storage
Store at cool, dark and ventilated place with container sealed. Avoid direct sunshine.