Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Carrier
- Chemical Family
- Chemical Name
- Ingredient Name
- Base Chemicals Functions
- Food Ingredients Functions
- Industrial Additives Functions
- Product Families
Features & Benefits
- Labeling Claims
Applications & Uses
- Markets
- Applications
- Applicable Processes
- Food & Nutrition Applications
- Industrial Additives End Use
- Principal Uses
- Drinking water – removal of suspended matter.
- Wastewater treatment – coagulant / flocculent for the removal of suspended matter and phosphorus.
- Pulp and paper manufacturing – retention and drainage aid, charge neutralization, pH control, improved sizing efficiency.
- Food industry – firming agent in pickle processing.
- Product Usage Information
Used in leather tanning and fur dressing, in metallurgy in the pickling of metals, as an ionic scavenger in paper manufacturing, in textiles as a mordant in dyeing, and in water treatment as a primary coagulate for the removal of turbidity, color, suspended solids, heavy metals, and phosphorus.
Properties
- Physical Form
- Molecular Formula
- Al2(SO4)3
- Appearance
- Clear to amber or light green liquid.
- Typical Properties
- Specifications
- Note
FOG = Fat, oil, and grease; MDW = Municipal drinking water; IWW = Industrial wastewater
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Freezing Point | 3 ‐ 25 | °F | — |
| Density (at 60°F) | 11.11 | /gal | — |
| Boiling Point | 214 | °F | — |
| Baume (at 60°F) | 35.77 | — | — |
| Dry 17% Alum | 48.2 | Wt.% | — |
| Aluminum Oxide | min. 8 | % | — |
| Pounds of dry | 5.43 | alum/gallon | — |
| Water Solution | 14 | — | — |
| Product Weight | 10.2 – 11.0 | Lbs/Gal | — |
| Basicity | 0 ‐ 0.4 | % | — |
| Iron (Fe) | max. 50 | ppm | — |
| pH Value (Neat) | 1.5 – 2.8 | — | — |
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Specific Gravity (at 60°F) | 1.31 ‐ 1.34 | — | — |
| Fe₂O₃ Content | 0.35 | % | — |
| Water-Insoluble Matter | 0.2 | % | — |
Regulatory & Compliance
- Certifications & Compliance
Safety & Health
- Safety
Liquid Aluminum Sulfate is an acid salt and should be handled with care. Employ precautions to prevent spraying or splashing, particularly if the material is hot. Avoid contact with the eyes, mucous membranes and skin.
Clothing
- Avoid contact with Aluminum sulfate. If there is a potential for contact, wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation.
- All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
- Wear indirect-vent, impact and splash resistant goggles when working with liquids.
- A face shield along with goggles may be appropriate when working with corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances. Liquid Aluminum Sulfate when spilled on stairways, walkways and floors may become very slippery and pose a danger. Ferrous metals will deteriorate rapidly when exposed to Liquid Aluminum Sulfate.
Packaging & Availability
- Packaging Type
- Packaging Information
- Tank trucks and railcars.
- Shipment - Liquid Aluminum Sulfate is shipped in stainless steel, fiberglass or rubber lined tank trucks which conform to D.O.T. Specifications as well as the laws of the states in which they operate. The average bulk shipment is 4,200 gallons or approximately 47,000 pounds. The Liquid Aluminum Sulfate is unloaded through a 2 inch reinforced rubber hose using air pressure supplied by the truck’s air compressor. The fittings are 2-inch cam & groove quick connect couplers. The Liquid Aluminum Sulfate may be delivered at temperatures >113°F.
Storage & Handling
- Storage And Handling
- Storage and Handling - Tanks for receiving tank truck deliveries should be a minimum of 1.5 times the delivery amount or a minimum of 6,500-gallon capacity. An easy means of determining the level in the tanks should be available, such as a sight tube or dip stick, so that the tank will not be overfilled during delivery. Storage tanks should be indoors or in an enclosed, heated area. Liquid Alum begins to crystallize near 30º F and freezes around 9º F. If outside storage is necessary, the storage tanks should be insulated and depending on the throughput of material, may require a heat source to maintain the contents at around 50º F. For optimum product performance, aluminum sulfate should be consumed within three (3) years of delivery. Storage tanks should be emptied and inspected annually.
- Equipment and Piping
- Storage Tanks: Tanks may be constructed of fiberglass/epoxy, rubber lined steel or Type 316 stainless steel.
- Piping: Schedule 80 PVC is often used for operating temperatures not exceeding 120º F. At temperatures above 120º F, use schedule 80 CPVC or Type 316 stainless steel. Glass reinforced plastic or hard rubber are also suitable materials for piping. Due to the high coefficiency of expansion for PVC and CPVC, piping made of these materials should not be anchored at both ends of a piping run and must be adequately supported when installed. Gravity feed, when possible, is preferable to the use of pumps. Initial pump cost and maintenance are eliminated. When centrifugal pumps are used they should be sized for head and flow requirements. Wetted parts should be of Alloy 20 or Type 316 stainless steel. Packing may be of graphite or Teflon. Gasket materials are Teflon, neoprene or rubber. There are several types of valves suitable for handling Liquid Aluminum Sulfate. Their wetted parts should be of Alloy 20, Type 316 stainless steel, Teflon, PVC or Hastelloy C. Feed rates and metering can be accomplished using rotameters, volumetric dis-placement pumps, weighing devices and mechanical feeders. The wetted parts of these devices should be of Alloy 20, Type 316 stainless steel, Teflon, PVC or Hastelloy C. Maintenance of the equipment should follow general industry standards and manufacturers recommendations. Piping and pumps taken out of service for more than thirty days should be thoroughly rinsed with water.
- Spill Cleanup
Spills may be contained and collected into containers for later use or disposal. Because of its low pH, Liquid Aluminum Sulfate may be considered a hazardous waste under RCRA. The “Reportable Quantity” for Aluminum Sulfate is 5,000-pounds. Local and state regulations may require reporting of smaller quantities. Residues may be neutralized to a pH of 7 with soda ash*. Persons responding to a spill of Aluminum Sulfate should wear appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent contact with skin, eyes and clothing. In areas where an Aluminum Sulfate mist may be present, a NIOSH approved cartridge respirator should be worn. Disposal of any hazardous waste must comply with local, state and federal regulations. * Be aware, neutralization with soda ash releases carbon dioxide gas. Make sure there is adequate ventilation.