Knowde Enhanced TDS
Identification & Functionality
- Ingredient Name
- Food Ingredients Functions
- Pharma & Nutraceuticals Functions
- Molecular Formula
- C6H11NO3S
- CAS No.
- 556-27-4
- Ingredients
- Garlic
- Technologies
- Synonms
2-amino-3-[(S)-prop-2-enylsulfinyl]propanoic acid, 3-(2-Propenylsulfinyl)alanine, (S)-3-(2-Propenylsulfinyl)-L-alanine, 3-((S)-Allylsulfinyl)-L-alanine, S-Allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, SACS, S-allylcysteine sulfoxide, New-Gar®, allicin precursor, S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide
- Botanical source
Allium sativum L.
Features & Benefits
- Food Ingredients Features
- Benefits
cardiovascular health, Maintains healthy cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, Myocardial infarction,
- Features
Garlic is reported to have cancer preventing, antimicrobial, antibiotic, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and cholesterol-lowering properties, among others.
Research also shows that garlic can reduce blood cholesterol and has proven anti-cancer effects. These beneficial effects may be due in part to garlic’s unusual concentration of sulfur-containing compounds, especially alliin and allicin.
Extensive literature review discloses the nutraceutical and medicinal potential of alliin in several aspects. For example, alliin decreased fasting glucose level and increased insulin level to the same extent as did glibenclamide, glyclazide or insulin in diabetic rats. Weeks’ administration of alliin modified the redox environment by decreasing reactive substances in organs and increasing the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in nicotine fed rats. Another study showed that alliin markedly depressed the increase of plasma and liver cholesterol level in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing 10% hydrogenated coconut oil, 1% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid. Alliin was also found to possess anti-inflammatory activities for boweldiseases. These symptoms like diabetes, high radicals, hypercholesterolemia and inflammation are all associated with obesity and/or metabolic diseases.
The research on alliin currently focuses on preventing nicotine-induced peroxidative damage and antioxidant, antidiabetic conditions, antibiotic, antiatherogenic, anticancer effects and immunomodulatory activity, and antiplatelet aggregation activity.
Applications & Uses
- Markets
- Food & Nutrition Applications
- Part Used
Garlic Bulb
- Applications
- Applications: Food additives, supplements,drugs, medicines
- Dosage: Vary upon different applications
Properties
- Solubility
- Appearance
- White to yellowish fine powder
- Soluble in
- Water
- Typical Properties
| Value | Units | Test Method / Conditions | |
| Molecular Weight | 177.22 | - | - |
| Specifications | min. 98 | % | - |
Technical Details & Test Data
- Alliin VS allicin comparisons
According to Wikipedia, alliin, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, is a sulfoxide that is a natural constituent of fresh garlic. Well, allicin doesn’t exhist abundantly in fresh garlic. This is the first difference.
As mentioned before, when fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, an enzyme called alliinase then converts alliin into allicin. This is their connection. Alliin is the precursor of allicin. Alliinase is extremely abundant in garlic tissue consisting of at least 10% of the total clove protein.
let’s talk about stability.
Alliin and the enzyme alliinase are quite heat stable. Alliin and alliinase are also stable when dry and therefore dried powders can potentially preserve the biological activity of garlic.
However, normal allicin is not stable. Allicin molecules have a very short half-life, as they react with many surrounding proteins. Allicin is further metabolized to vinyldithiines. Allicin decomposes to other sulfur containing molecules (thiosulfonates and disulfides). This breakdown occurs within hours at room temperature and within minutes during cooking. In this sense, natural allicin in the chopped or crushed garlic is not stable, and could not be utilized as a supplement for bulk usage. Therefore, stablized allicin is a must. You will find that in most nutritional facts label of supplements containing allicin says that their allicin is stabilized allicin. Non-stablized allicin is useless.
About odor and popularity
Alliiin is odorless and less know to the consumers.
Natural allicin has a very distinct odor, and is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic.
Most allicin supplements has been deodorized, and no smell can be found.
Many medicinal effect of garlic products are probably, or at least partly, attributable to alliin, whereas the extent that alliin contributes to the beneficial function of garlic is not quite clear. Systematic studying of the nutraceutical or medicinal effect of alliin is lacking.
- Technical details
Alliin and Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered to be characterized by necrotic cell death because of the break down of cellular energy metabolism. Mitochondria are the location of ATP synthesis for energy production and electron transport chain.
Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (150 mg/kg) once a day for 2 days. Alliin (40 and 80 mg/kg) was given as pretreatment orally daily for a period of 35 days using an intragastric tube. Alliin pretreatment significantly lowered thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased the activities of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in myocardial infarcted rats. Alliin pretreatment also increased significantly the levels of mitochondrial phospholipids and decreased the levels of mitochondrial cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TGs) and calcium, and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in heart.
Alliin and Anti-inflammatory
Alliin has been known to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Alliin has been reported to attenuate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Alliin has been reported to inhibit inflammatory cytokines production in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Furthermore, alliin was found to prevent LPS-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
In addition, alliin was found to attenuate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in vivo.
The mechanism of action of alliin can be summarized as below:
- Activity in T-cell lymphocytes by inhibition of SDF1a-chemokine-induced chemotaxis
- Inhibition of transendothelial migration of neutrophils
- Enhancement of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinase (via p21ras protein thioallylation)
- Inhibition of TNFa-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines release
- Inhibition of phosphatase-activity (directly related with ERK1/2 phosphorylation)
- Suppression of reactive nitrogen species release
Alliin and acohol metabolism
Alliin, for the first time, has been showed to have the property of suppressing elevation in plasma ethanol concentration by accelerating ethanol metabolism and preventing ethanol absorption from the gut in rats.
Two mechanisms can be considered for the suppressive effect of alliin on elevation of ethanol concentration in plasma:
(1) Suppression of ethanol absorption from the gut;
(2) Promotion of ethanol metabolism in the liver.For more detailed experiment data and information, please read this literature: S-Allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, a garlic odor precursor, suppresses elevation in blood ethanol concentration by accelerating ethanol metabolism and preventing ethanol absorption from gut.
Supplements containing alliin
At present, there are no sole alliin brands or dietary supplements on the markets. Alliin is more likely to be formulated with other garlic active components, such as allicin, thiosulfinates, Gamma-Glutamylcysteines, etc. most of that deodorized Garlic (bulb) standardized to 2.5% of alliin. Be aware that, our alliin ingredient in powder is 98% minimum!
In addition, many drugs or medicines are beginning to use alliin in their formulas too to fight against myocardial infarction, acute lung injury, alcohol, and more.
Alliin side effects
Alliin is new to the dietary supplement market, and has not been reported to have any negative effects yet.
Alliin dosage
There is no ready alliin supplements for the time being, and the daily dose of alliin is not available.
You may check allicin dosage for reference.
Some brands mention that one capule per day with allicin (180mg/day);
Some mention to take two capsules a day, one capsule containg 30mg of 2.5% alliin, which is 60mg alliin per day. If alliin is 98%, the dosage will absolutely be less. If you have any question regarding dosaging of alliin, please consult our chemist scientists by dropping an e-mail on out contact page.
Alliin powder pricing
If you are trying alliin in your supplement formula and want to know the alliin pricing and where to buy alliin in large quantites, you come to the right place.
Wuxi Cima Science Co., Ltd is a professional manufacturer of nutritional raw ingredients specialzing in garlic acitive ingredient series products, such as alliin, allcin, ajoene, etc. Commercial prodcution and ready stock is available.
Our allin is in raw powder form, 98% min, packed in 25kg drum.