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Purple corn has one of the deepest shades in found in plants. Due to its richness in purple color, purple corn pigments have long been used to color foods and beverages.

Chlorophylls are a group of naturally occurring pigments produced in all photosynthetic plants including algae and some bacteria. Chlorophyll is mainly extracted from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), nettles (Urtica dioica) or grasses. When used as food coloring Chlorophyll is processed to replace a magnesium atom at its center with a copper atom, which makes it more stable and also able to dissolve in water.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is a blue-green algae that grows naturally in freshwater. Spirulina has an extensive track record as a food supplement in many cultures. Spirulina contains green chlorophyll and phycobilins (a pigment–protein complex). The coloring properties of spirulina are the phycobilins, these are blue phycocyanins that on extraction create a range of blue hues. Spirulina color extract is available as a powder or liquid.

The purple or black color of the black carrot originates from its pigments called anthocyanins. Black carrot anthocyanins change in molecular structure as the pH of solutions change. This change in structure results in a shift in shade from red, purple to blue as the pH changes from acidic to basic.

Carmine lake - Water Miscible is a aqueous solution of carmine, stabilized in alkali solution and when required also in emulsifier